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I-R1'I)1IRUK    WILLIAM    IIOLLS 


3\\  jHrmonam 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM 

MOLLS 

,   ;   ;      V-       ■• .'  . 
PRIVATELY    PRINTED 

MCMIV 

"^ 


TI  III  sudden  death  of  Mr.  Hdlls  brought  distress  to  a  very- 
wide  circle,   not  only   ot   his   friends,  but  his  followers  — 
one  might  say  to  his  pujjils  —  who  tlid  not  know  him  personally. 

Indeed,  we  have  had  no  other  instance  which  illustrated, 
as  his  life  did.  the  "  public  dut\-  o{'  a  private  citizen."  lie  had 
resolutely  withdrawn  himself  from  what  is  called  public  office, 
but  at  the  same  time  he  knew  that  the  People  rule  America, 
and  he  knew  that  no  sovereign  is  worth  a  straw  unless  on  any 
occasion  he  is  in  the  saddle,  foremost  among  those  who  rule. 
And  so  it  is  that  in  what  are  called  the  private  charities,  be- 
cause they  are  not  taken  care  of  by  political  appointments,  he 
was  ready  to  be  at  the  helm  or  at  the  bow,  wherever  he  might 
be  needed  most.  Thus  it  was  that  while  he  was  the  coun- 
selor most  beloved,  the  first  sought  tor  in  the-  most  important 
questions  of  diplomacy,  at  the  same  time  In:  was  the  adviser 
who  knew  best  what  was  to  be  done  in  the  humblest  charities 
of  city  life.  "  lie  was  the  companion  of  princes  and  he  stood 
unawed  before  kings."  And  the  same  man  who  knew  how 
to  teach,  knew  how  to  instruct  a  widow  in  an  attic  in  New 
York  how  she  should  take  care  of  her  children.  What  is 
more,  he  understood  that  he  was  serving  the  Good  God,  who.se 
child  he  was,  as  completely  in  the  one  case  as  in  the  other. 

It  was  then  simply  a  matter  of  course  that  with  the  tidings 
of  his  death  there  came  a  chill  and  a  tearful  regret,  and  even 
anxiety,  as  to  the  great  duties  in  which  he  was  engaged — how 
in  this  enterprise  or  in  that  for  the  coming  of  the  kingdom  of 
God  the  endeavors  which  he  directed  could  go  forward  with- 
out his  visible  presence. 


Mi2:LS2r5 


4  IN    MEMORIAM 

Different  organizations,  different  men  and  women  have  tried 
to  express  such  regret  and  such  anxiety  as  well  as  hope  with 
which  such  a  life  inspires  men,  in  the  several  papers  which  will 
be  found  in  this  volume.  It  has  seemed  to  Mr.  Holls's  friends 
that  a  memoir  of  such  a  life  as  his  ought  to  be  preserved  for 
this  generation  and  for  future  generations.  And  while  we  are 
to  hope  and  to  expect  that  some  such  fitting  biography  of  a 
life  so  full  and  so  successful  shall  be  prepared,  we  think  it  de- 
sirable on  every  account  that  as  an  introduction  to  such  a 
biography  this  volume  shall  be  printed  separately. 

The  reader  of  the  various  resolutions  and  addresses  which 
are  printed  here  will  begin  to  get  some  idea  of  the  wide  range 
of  Mr.  Holls's  active  life  in  this  country.  Beside  his  work 
here, — by  a  certain  divine  fitness  of  things,  it  came  about  that 
he  was  of  use  to  his  country,  not  only  in  America,  but  in 
Europe.  His  early  training  in  the  home  of  his  distinguished 
father,  the  ease  with  which  he  used  the  three  leading  languages 
of  our  modern  life,  enabled  him  to  go  and  come  in  Europe, 
when  his  country  or  the  world  needed  him,  as  easily  as  he 
came  and  went  at  home.  His  friendship  with  the  leaders  of 
Europe  has  been  at  times  of  the  first  value  to  this  nation  of 
ours,  which  he  understood  so  completely  and  which  he  loved 
so  truly.  In  this  volume,  however,  we  only  undertake  to  pre- 
serve the  public  memorials  of  respect  and  love  which  followed 
immediately  on  the  sudden  death  of  a  life  so  varied  and  useful. 
His  friends  will  join  with  me  in  the  hope  that  such  a  biography 
as  I  have  spoken  of  will  preserve  the  memories  of  a  life  so 
important,  though  it  was  cut  short  so  suddenly. 

Edward  E.   Hale 


rRF.Dr.RTCK    WTT.T.TAM    TTOT.LS^ 


•'  23, 


IN  the  sudden  death  of  Mr.  F"redcrick  W.  Hulls,  on  July 
this  country  has  lost  one  of  its  best-trained  and  most  ver- 
satile men  of  public  affairs.  Mr.  Holls  iiad  just  completed  his 
forty-sixth  year,  and  was  in  the  \cry  prime  of  his  intellectual 
power  and  capacity  for  usefulness.  \\  ith  an  intense  American 
patriotism,  he  was  at  the  same  time  a  citizen  of  the  lari:,''er 
republic  that  embraces  broad-minded  and  peace-loving  men  of 
all  nations. 

His  father,  George  Charles  Holls,  was  born  in  Darmstadt, 
Germany,  in  1824,  of  a  family  both  distinguished  and  cultured. 
The  father  of  George  Charles  Holls,  after  retiring  from  army 
service  in  the  Napoleonic  wars,  had  spent  the  remaining  period 
of  his  life  in  the  direction  of  public  charities  for  the  city  of 
Darmstadt  ami  the  surroimding  province.  George  Charles  at 
first  chose  the  calling  of  a  professor  of  science ;  and  to  that 
end  he  studied  in  German  and  French  polytechnic  schools. 
But  he  soon  found  himself  strongly  drawn  toward  religious  and 
philanthropic  work,  and  in  a  few  years,  through  intensely  inter- 
esting experiences,  he  had  made  himself  both  a  practical  and 
a  theoretical  master  of  such  methods  as  were  then  in  vogue  in 
Germany  for  the  training  of  destitute  children  and  the  carrying 
on  of  other  forms  of  social  amelioration.      He  was  a  friend  of 

^  The  editor  o(  ihe  A'irt'it~.v  0/ A'nirti's  v/as  one  oi  Mr.  IIoUs's  iic-iresl  .ind  dearest  friends. 
This  collection  of  memorials  of  his  life  is  t>est  introduced  to  its  readers  by  the  following 
memoir,  all  too  brief,  which  appeared  in  the  .\ugust  number  of  that  journaU, 

5 


6  IN    MEMORIAM 

Froebel,  and  all  the  most  distinguished  educators  and  philan- 
thropists of  Germany.  While  still  in  the  twenties,  he  rendered 
distlngui&hf.d  :s,crvice  in  Silesia,  learning  the  Polish  language 
in  order  tc  lie  of  greater  use. 

;t  vas  in  185;  that, he  yielded  to  a  strong  impulse  to  come 
[o  America.'  lie  was  then  only  twenty-seven.  His  first  year 
was  spent  in  teaching  German  and  French  in  an  academy  in 
Ohio  while  he  learned  English.  In  the  ne.xt  year,  he  was 
married  in  Germany,  and  it  was  not  long  before  he  was  called 
upon  to  organize  the  first  Lutheran  orphan  asylum  in  this 
country,  the  location  being  Zelienople,  Butler  Count)-,  Pa.  He 
remained  at  the  head  of  that  institution  for  eleven  years.  It 
was  there  that  his  only  son,  Frederick  William  Holls,  was  born  in 
1857.  In  the  year  1866,  Dr.  Holls  having  meanwhile  entered 
the  Lutheran  ministry  and  risen  to  a  high  position  in  the 
Church,  there  was  established  the  Wartburg  Orphan  Farm 
School,  near  Mount  \  ernon,  in  Westchester  County,  a  few 
miles  from  New  York  City.  Dr.  Holls  was  placed  in  charge 
of  this  institution,  which  during  his  administration  was  pro- 
nounced by  our  foremost  authorities  to  be  the  most  admirable 
and  perfect  institution  of  its  kind  ever  known.  He  was  a  mas- 
ter of  religious  music,  a  man  of  wide  and  varied  tastes  and 
interests,  a  writer  and  contributor  to  the  press,  and,  in  short,  a 
man  of  the  very  highest  type  of  usefulness.  He  died  in  1886, 
when  his  son,  then  a  member  of  the  New  York  bar,  was  enter- 
ing his  thirtieth  year. 

It  is  only  through  some  such  allusions  to  the  career  of  his 
father — a  man  greater  even  than  his  fame  —  that  one  can  un- 
derstand the  qualities  and  the  career  of  Frederick  William 
Holls.  He  graduated  with  honor  at  Columbia  Colletre  in 
1878,  and  from  the  Law  School  of  the  same  institution  in  1880  ; 
but  the  best  part  of  his  education  was  that  which  he  owed  to 
the  training  he  derived  from  his  father  at  home  as  a  boy.      The 


1-Ri:ni- RICK     WILLIAM     IIOI.LS  7 

father  was  as  convinced  and  enthusiastic  an  AnuTican  as  It"  liis 
ancestors  had  come  over  in  the  Mayjhnccr ;  yet  he  kmnv  ilie 
value  of  languages  and  of  a  cosmopolitan  training,  and  the  son 
grew  up  with  a  complete  and  easy  mastery  of  two  great  lan- 
euasfes.  From  his  early  boyhood,  also,  he  was  trained  in 
music,  of  which  he  olitained  a  very  extensive  and  thorough 
knowktlgc.  lie  was  an  amateur  organist  of  greater  skill  than 
most  professionals. 

With  a  father  and  grandfather  eminent  in  jihilanthropy  and 
charitable  work,  it  was  natural  enough  that  Mr.  1  lolls  should 
have  identified  himself  early  with  public  movements  for  the 
bettering  of  the  condition  of  the  people  of  Nt-w  York  City. 
He  was  for  man\  years  a  leading  officer  of  the  Legal  Aid 
Society,  which  has  protected  scores  of  thousands  of  poor 
people  against  oppression  and  wrong.  He  was  a  director  of 
the  Charity  Organization  Society,  was  active  in  tenement- 
house  reform  work,  and  was  ready  to  render  service  wherever 
called  upon. 

He  was  married,  in  1889,  to  Miss  Caroline  M.  Sayles, 
daughter  of  F.  C.  Sayles,  Esq.,  of  Rhode  Island,  whose  death 
was  noted  several  months  ago,  and  who  had  rcccnll)-  built,  at 
Pawtucket.  R.  1.,  a  magnificent  memorial  librar\.  a  i)icture  of 
which  was  published  in  this  Rei'lcte,  and  at  the  tledication 
of  which  Mr.  Holls  made  an  address.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Holls, 
soon  after  their  marriatre,  made  their  home  on  the  Hudson 
River,  in  the  suburbs  of  Yonkers,  where  his  death  occurred. 
This  charming  home  was  a  center  of  hospitality  and  of  cul- 
tured life.  Many  persons  of  eminence,  widely  scattered,  will 
long  cherish  the  memory  of  interesting  conversations  in  Mr. 
Holls's  library,  and  of  rare  entertainment  in  the  music-room. 
Mr.  Holls  was  an  omnivorous  reader,  with  a  prodigious  mem- 
ory ;  and  he  possessed  a  large  and  well-selected  library,  rich 
in  historical,  biographical,  and  political  works.  > 


8  IN    MEMORIAM 

While  engaged  for  some  twenty-two  or  three  years  in  the 
practice  of  law  in  New  York  City,  he  was  always  intensely 
interested  in  politics  and  pul)lic  questions;  and  as  a  Republi- 
can, had  participated  actively  in  every  national  campaign  for 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  was  in  regular  demand 
where  the  campaign  committees  desired  a  speaker  able  to 
appeal  in  their  own  language  to  Germans  of  the  best  class  in 
such  cities,  especially,  as  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  St.  Louis. 
The  only  elective  office  which  he  ever  held  was  that  of  a  mem- 
ber of  the  great  constitutional  convention  which  ten  years  ago 
revised  the  organic  law  of  the  State  of  New  York.  Ambassa- 
dor Choate  presided  over  that  convention,  and  Secretary  Root 
was  its  leading  member  on  the  floor.  Both  these  men  will  bear 
ready  testimony  to  the  indefatigable  services  rendered  them  by 
Mr.  Holls,  who  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  education,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  committee  on  cities,  and  a  prompt 
authority  on  many  points  that  arose  involving  the  past  legal 
or  constitutional  histor)'  of  New  York,  or  comparison  with  the 
systems  of  other  States. 

As  he  grew  older,  his  interest  in  foreign  policy  and  inter- 
national problems  was  constantly  increasing.  He  visited 
Europe  almost  every  summer,  and  became  ever  more  widely 
acquainted  there  with  leading  public  men.  He  was  especially 
well  known  in  Germany,  where  in  recent  years  he  had  estab- 
lished a  branch  of  his  legal  firm,  and  where  his  long  and  greatly 
prized  friendship  with  Dr.  Andrew  D.  White  made  him  always 
at  home  at  the  American  embassy.  From  the  very  moment  of 
the  first  announcement  of  the  Czar's  idea  of  an  international 
conference  for  the  discussion  of  disarmament  and  the  promotion 
of  peace,  Mr.  Holls  was  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  the  i)lan. 
Without  disparagement  of  any  one  else,  it  may  be  said  that  to 
him,  and,  indeed,  to  him  almost  alone,  must  be  attributed  the 
gradual  arousing  of  President  McKinley's  interest  in  the  con- 


IRini-RICK    WILLIAM     IIOLLS  9 

ference,  ami  the  final  determination  of  our  government  to  be 
representetl  li\  a  large  antl  strong  delegation. 

Mr.  I  lolls's  activity  in  the  matter  had  made  it  natural  that  he 
should  he  sent  to  The  Hague,  and  he  preferred  to  go  in  the 
capacity  of  the  delegation's  secretary  and  executive  officer. 
His  wide  acquaintance  in  Europe,  and  his  knowledge  of  I'Vench 
and  Spanish,  as  well  as  of  Cjcrinan,  mack-  it  possil)le  lor  him 
to  be  of  enormous  service,  not  only  to  the  American  delega- 
tion, but  also  to  the  Hague  Conference  as  a  whole.  Every 
leading  European  member  of  the  conference,  whether  English, 
French,  Russian,  German,  or  otherwise,  has  ever  since  been 
read)-  to  testif\-  to  the  remarkable  record  made  by  Mr.  I  lolls 
in  the  whole  work  of  the  conference.  It  happened  that  the 
disarmament  proposals  came  to  naught,  while  most  unexpect- 
edly the  conference  was  diverted  —  largely  through  American 
influence — into  the  more  fruitful  field  of  international  arbitra- 
tion. Mr.  Holls  was  the  American  member  of  the  great  com- 
mittee which  drafted  the  arbitration  treaty.  He  showed  unex- 
pected resources  of  knowledge  in  the  sphere  of  international 
law,  and  when  the  conference  was  over  he  wrote  a  book  on  its 
work  antl  achievements  that  will  long  makt:  his  name  known  to 
students  of  history  and  international  relations. 

He  had  long  been  an  intimate  friend  of  President  Roosevelt, 
who  had  only  a  few  weeks  ago  asked  him  to  umpire  the  ad- 
justment of  the  German  and  English  claims  against  Vene- 
zuela, lie  possessed  the  high  distinction  ot  being  a  nunibcr 
of  the  permanent  international  Hague  tribunal,  having  been 
appointed  to  that  office  by  the  King  of  Siam.  Whatever 
future  public  honors  might  have  been  in  store  for  him,  he  had 
reached  a  position  of  influence  and  authority  in  the  discus- 
sion of  affairs  which  had  already  brought  him  world-wide 
recognition. 

There  was  something,  at  times,  in  his  directness  and  frank- 


lo  IN     MEMORIAM 

ness  that  seemed  to  men  who  did  not  know  him  well,  or  who 
were  of  feeble  convictions,  to  be  tactless  and  aggressive ;  but 
in  these  days  of  over-tactfiilness  and  complaisance  it  is  re- 
freshing to  know  a  man  who  has  strong  views  and  opinions, 
and  who  never  hesitates  to  assert  them  and  is  ready  to  fight 
for  them.  Men  of  complete  candor  and  intellectual  honesty 
in  public  aftairs  are  not  as  numerous  as  one  might  wish  for. 
Mr.  Holls  lived  and  thought  upon  a  high  plane,  and  strove  for 
large  rather  than  for  petty  ends.  In  the  midst  of  the  hurly- 
burly  of  professional,  political,  business,  and  social  life,  he 
never  flinched  from  his  full  share  of  work  ;  yet  he  still,  some- 
how, found  time  tor  the  pursuits  ot  a  thinker,  a  scholar,  and  a 
man  of  taste.  \\  ith  a  remarkable  sense  of  humor,  his  conver- 
sation sparkled  with  anecdote,  and  his  letters  were  full  of  wit 
and  pithy  description.  From  a  letter  that  Dr.  Edward  Everett 
Hale  has  written  to  express  his  own  sorrow  in  the  loss  of  Mr. 
Holls,  we  may  quote  the  following  sentences: 

I  used  to  write  to  him  every  month  to  ask  him  what  secrets  there  were 
which  I  might  publish  on  the  housetops  in  our  journal.  And  so  often, 
at  least,  I  used  to  receive  one  of  liis  wise,  entertaining,  vital  letters, 
full  of  the  suggestions  of  that  extraordinary  insight  which  was,  once  and 
again,  of  such  service  to  the  country. — From  the  "  Review  of  Reviews." 


''I'^lll,  tuiieral  service  at  the  home  of  Mr.  1  lolls  in  Yonkers 
J-      called    together   his    immediate    friends    and    neiehbors. 
The  friend  of  his  lifetime,  Rev.  G.  C.  Berkemeier,  made  a  short 
address,  introduced  by  the  following  poem  : 

HEIMGANG 

Ileitngang  !     So  the  German  people 

Whisper  when  they  hear  the  bell 
Tolling  from  some  gra\-  old  steeple, 

Death's  familiar  tale  to  tell ; 
When  they  hear  the  oryan  dir<jes 

Swelling  out  from  chapel  tiome. 
And  the  singers'  chanting  surges, 

Heiiiigang  !     Always  going  home. 

Hcimgang !     Quaint  and  tender  saying. 

In  the  grand  old  German  tongue, 
That  hath  shaped  Melanchthon's  praying, 

And  the  hymns  that  Luther  sung; 
Blessed  is  our  loving  Maker, 

That  where'er  our  feet  shall  roam, 
Still  we  journey  toward  "  God's  Acre." 

Heimgang  !      Always  going  home. 

Heimgang !     We  are  all  so  weary; 

And  the  willows,  as  they  wave. 
Softly  sighing,  sweetly,  dreary, 

Woo  us  to  the  tranquil  grave; 
When  the  golden  pitcher  's  broken, 

With  its  dregs  or  with  its  foam, 
And  the  tender  words  are  spoken, 

Heimgang!      We  are  going  home  ! 


ADDRESS 

He  who  lies  here  in  death  before  us  was  a  citizen  of  the  world. 
Of  German  ancestry,  he  remained  German  to  the  core  of  his 
heart,  exhibiting  in  the  traits  of  his  character  all  the  forceful 
elements  of  his  ancestry,  Gciniif  as  well  as  GciJiiitlichkcit, — 
strong  sentiment  without  sentimentality,  honesty  of  purpose, 
profundity  and  thoroughness  in  all  that  he  did. 

At  the  same  time  he  was  an  illustrious  example  of  an  Amer- 
ican citizen,  unbounded  in  his  patriotism,  untiring  in  his  quiet 
but  manifold  and  far-reaching  efforts  for  the  honor,  the  name, 
and  the  ever-widening  influence  of  his  native  country.  He  was 
a  typical  German-American.  But  he  was  more  than  this.  He 
was  a  friend  of  the  English,  entertaining  intimate  relations  with 
those  highest  in  authority,  the  Prime  Minister  having  honored 
him  with  a  friendly  letter  only  a  few  days  before  his  death.  He 
was  a  lover  of  the  Russians,  whose  Sancta  Sophia  and  Troitza 
he  interpreted  to  the  New  World,  and  having  studied  the  peo- 
ple, he  was  finally,  on  special  invitation,  ushered  into  the  pres- 
ence of  the  august  sovereign  of  that  country.  He  received 
marked  consideration  from  their  imperial  majesties  the  Kaiser 
of  Germany  and  the  Emperor  of  Austria  ;  and,  a  Protestant, 
was  granted  an  audience  by  the  late  Pope  in  Rome.  In  every 
direction  he  exerted  his  influence,  and  this  influence  was  grow- 
ing, and  always  proved  to  be  a  potent  factor  for  good.  He  was 
called  upon  to  sit  in  the  council  of  nations,  and  helped  hasten 
the  day  when  peace  shall  take  the  place  of  war,  and  good-will 
to  men  shall  govern  the  empires  of  the  world.  He  was  a  uni- 
versal genius,  and  could  say  in  truth,  Homo  sum,  nihil  humani 


FREDERICK     WILLIAM     IloLLS  13 

a  wc  alioniDi  puto ;  a  scholar  and  U)\ct  oI  science  ami  art  in 
every  branch;  a  lover,  a  reader,  a  writer  of  books;  a  traveler 
and  a  linguist;  a  thinker  and  philosopher.  I  le  was  a  citizen 
of  the  world, —  a  noble,  useful,  loyal  citizen, —  and  as  such  he 
was  recognized,  valued,  and  honored  by  his  j)eers  at  home  and 
abroad. 

And  yet,  the  place  where  he  was  known  best  and  prized 
most  highly  and  loved  most  sincerely  was  here,  where  we  now 
assemble,  in  his  home-circle,  amid  the  most  sacred  relations  of 
life;  where  we,  who  were  privileged  to  associate  with  him  as 
intimate  friends,  so  often  enjoyed  his  hospitality  and  were 
magnetized  by  his  wonderlul  personality  and  delighted  by  his 
golden  words  of  wit  and  w  isdom. 

The  place  where  a  gootl  and  noble  man  has  lived  ;  the  house 
which  he  treasured  as  his  home,  where  he  spent  silent,  solemn 
hours  alone  with  his  God,  and  had  genial  converse  with  the 
elect  of  his  heart;  the  place  where  he  developed  his  inner 
self  and  whence  his  influence  flowed  forth  as  a  many-branched 
river  into  the  outer  world, — such  a  place  is,  indeed,  sacred 
"round,  a  tabernacle  of  God  with  men.  And  those  of  us  who 
saw  and  met  our  dear  one  dead  within  the  sanctuary  of  home, 
who  found  an  opportunity  here  to  look  not  only  into  his  face, 
but  deep  within  the  inmost  recess  of  his  noble  heart — those, 
and  onlv  those,  I  think,  knew  him  thoroughly  and  appreciated 
the  ma)i  at  his  true  worth. 

It  was  my  privilege  in  early  youth  and  malurcr  days  for 
forty  years  to  have  been  his  intimate  friend.  And  never  did 
I  cross  the  threshold  of  his  home  except  witii  joyful  anticipa- 
tions, nor  did  I  depart  without  grateful  remembrance.  Today 
only  it  is  different,  and  instead  of  beating  with  joyful  expecta- 
tion, my  heart  mourns  at  the  loss  of  a  life-long  friend.  And 
yet,  there  applies  even  now  what  the  great  poet  has  said  of 
memory  :   "  It  is  the  only  Paradise  from  which  we  can  never  be 


14  IX     -MEMORIAM 

banished."  The  refreshing  waters,  which  here  bubbled  forth 
as  an  ever-flowing  fountain,  shall  henceforth  return  as  a  mighty 
flood  of  grateful  remembrance.  The  enduring  love  of  thou- 
sands will  continue  to  bless  this  house,  and  may  the  God  of 
all  comfort  and  mercy  comfort  the  afflicted  ones  of  this  home, 
even  as  a  mother  comforteth  her  child. 

We  shall  never  forget  the  beautiful  and  majestic  tree  under 
whose  shadow  we  have  here  so  often  rested,  and  by  whose 
sweet  and  mellow  fruit  we  have  so  often  been  refreshed. 
Grateful  remembrance  shall  remain  as  fruitful  seed  out  of  the 
gladsome  harvests  of  bygone  days.  They  say  our  friend  is 
dead.  Dead? — not  to  us.  not  to  our  hearts.  Love  never  ceas- 
ethl  He  sleeps.  We  gaze  upon  his  loved  face  not  with 
aftright  —  but  to  be  urged  back  into  life,  to  live,  to  work,  to 
endeavor,  to  persevere  while  it  is  day,  for  full  too  soon  the  night 
will  come.  The  memory  of  the  departed  one  shall  fill  us  with 
holv  zeal,  to  make  our  lives  noble,  useful,  symmetrical,  beautiful. 
So  death  produceth  life.  Let  us  not  look  down,  but  up:  let  us 
not  look  back,  but  forward.  The  dawn  ot  peace  is  upon  us. 
Half  the  night  has  fled  and  morning  is  near.  "The  things 
which  are  seen  are  temporal,  the  things  which  are  not  seen 
are  eternal."  "Without  the  hope  of  immortality,"  says,  the 
great  philosopher  Herder,  "I  would  not  wish  to  have  a 
friend!"  —  and  he  who  forgets  the  dead  will  never  prove  a 
true  friend  to  the  living. 

So  now,  farewell,  thou  dearest  friend  !  Farewell  —  aiif  Wie- 
dersehen.     Depart  in  peace,  thou  good  and  faithful  servant. 

Life's  work  done ; 
Life's  race  run ; 
Life's  crown  won — 
And  now  rest  ! 

Our  tears,  our  gratitude,  our  love  shall  follow  thee;  also  my 
love,  mv  tears,  mv  gratitude.  Again, farewell — auf  JViecferschcnf 


MEMORIAL    SHRMCHS    HKLD   AT 
COLUMBIA    UNI\'LRSrrY 


JHfmorial  ^er\)ices' 

IN    niiNllR    OF   THE    LATE 

FREDERICK    W.    HOLES 
EARL  HALL,  COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY,  NEW  YORK 

October  22,  1903,4  P.M. 


PROGRAM    OF    EXERCISES 

1.  And.vntk  Cantata Tschaikowsky 

KlrHARD    ARNOLD'S   STRING    QUARTET 

2.  Trofessor  \Vn.LL\M  H.  Carpenter 

3.  Honoraiile  Andrew  D.  White 

ADDRESS 

4.  Aria Bach 

RICHARD  Arnold's  strinc.  quartet 

5.  Professor  Huco  MCnsterherc 

address 

6.  Violin  Solo,  Adagio David 

mr.  richard  arnold 

7.  Dedication  of  Mr.  Behrer's  Bust  of  F.  W.  Holes  to  the  Facultv  of  Political 

Science  of  Columbi.a  University  by  Dr.  Willia.m  C.  Alpers  o.\  Beh.\lf  of 
the  Committee,  and  Response  by  Professor  John  Bassett  Moore  on  Be- 
half OF  the  Faculty 

8.  Evening  Song Schumann 

RICHARD    AR-NOLD'S   STRING    QUARTET 

1  Dr.  Holls  was  a  graduate  of  Columbia  College,  Class  of  1878,  and  of  the  Columbia  Law 
School,  Class  of  1880.  On  the  twenty-second  of  October,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Cfsvllig- 
WissenschaftlUht'y  Vvrc-in,  meniurial  services  were  held  at  Columbia  University.  The  above 
program  was  carried  out. 


FRI-nr.RICK    W'lI.l.IAM    IIOI.I.S 
MEMORIAL   EXERCISES' 

A  SIMPLE  l)ut  impressive  service  in  memory  of  tlie  late  I'retl- 
crick  William  Ilolls  (A.B.,  1878;  LL.i;.,  iSSo)  was  conducted 
in  Earl  I  hill  on  the  afternoon  of  Thursday,  October  22.  The 
service  was  iield  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Gescllig-lVisscHSchaft- 
lichcr  Verein,  the  arrangements  having  been  intrusted  to  a 
committee  of  this  society,  on  which  the  Germanic  Department 
of  the  University  was  also  represented.  A  number  of  persons 
affiliated  with  the  University,  both  instructors  and  students, 
were  present,  but  the  audience  was  chit^lly  composed  of  tricnds 
and  relatives  of  the  deceased.  The  various  addresses  on  the 
program  were  interspersed  with  appropriate  music  lurnished 
by  a  string  quartet,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  service  a  bust 
of  Mr.  Ilolls,  e.xecuted  by  Mr.  Bchrer,  was  presented  to  the 
Faculty  of  Political  Science  by  Dr.  William  C.  Alpers  on  behalf 
of  the  committee. 

Frederick  William  [lolls,  in  the  brief  space  of  years  that 
Providence  allotted  to  him,  had  come  to  be  regarded  as  one  of 
the  foremost  and  ablest  exponents  of  those  phases  of  German- 

1  Professor  Rudolf  Tombo,  Jr.,  of  Columbia  University,  a  valued  friend  of  Mr.  Ilolls, 
wrote  a  full  account  of  the  Memorial  Services  for  the  December  number  of  the  Columbia 
University  Quarterly  (Vol.  VI,  No.  1.  pp.  40-49). 


i8  IN     MEMORIAM 

Americanism  which  the  most  patriotic  American  of  EngHsh 
descent  would  not  hesitate  to  countenance.  All  his  life  long  he 
represented  the  high  and  humane  ideals  that  were  voiced  in 
Germany  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  centurj-  by  the  eloquent 
Lessing  and  the  prophetic  Herder,  and  these  ideals  he  was 
ne\er  wear\"  of  appljing  to  the  conduct  not  alone  of  the  indi- 
vidual, but  oi  the  nation.  The  presence  at  the  memorial  service 
ot  the  most  distinguished  German-Americans  of  New  York 
bore  striking  testimony  to  the  affection  and  esteem  in  which  the 
deceased  was  held  by  this  portion  of  our  community.  The  fact 
that  he  also  enjoyed  the  friendship  and  regard  of  some  of  the 
most  prominent  citizens  of  our  republic  not  of  German  descent, 
amply  proved  that  his  conception  of  the  place  that  the  German- 
American  should  occupy  in  the  community  was  sound  and 
wholesome  and  not  in  any  way  dictated  by  narrow  racial  preju- 
dice. We  of  Columbia,  too,  have  much  reason  to  be  proud  of 
the  service  rendered  by  Mr.  Molls,  both  to  his  .Alma  Mater  and 
to  the  country  at  large.  The  same  active  interest  in  the  Uni- 
versity which  Mr.  Holls  evinced  as  a  student  he  continued  to 
display  as  an  alumnus  ;  and  it  was  therefore  peculiarly  fitting 
that  sons  of  Columbia  should  join  with  friends  and  relatives  to 
honor  his  memory. 

President  Roosevelt,  a  warm  personal  friend  and  admirer  of 
Mr.  Holls,  sent  the  following  letter,  which  was  read  at  the 
opening  of  the  services: 

I  wish  I  could  be  present  at  the  memorial  service  in  honor 
of  m\'  valuetl  friend,  Frederick  W'.  Holls.  Unfortunately,  it  is 
not  possible.  Mr.  Holls  has  rendered  eminent  service  to  our 
country  in  man\'  ways  ;   he  has  worked  with  tireless  energy  and 


FREDERICK     WILLIAM      IIOLLS  19 

with  singleness  of  purpose  for  many  of  the  reforms  upon  the 
necessity  of  which  our  best  leaders  ot  public  opinion  were 
agreed.  Prominent  among  his  services  is  that  rendered  in 
connection  with  the  estat)Iishment  of  the  Court  of  Arbitration 
at  tile  Hague.  I  fee!  that  his  deatli  is  a  grievous  loss,  not  only 
to  us,  his  friends,  liut  to  our  people  as  a  whole  ;  ami  were  I  able 
to  leave  Washington  at  this  tinu-,  I  shoukl  certainly  be  with 
you. 

The  words  oi  welcome  were  delivered   by  Professor  W  .  li. 
Carpenter  of  the  Germanic  Department,  who  spoke  as  follows: 

It  is  with  a  feeling  of  sad  pleasure  that  w^e  welcome  you  here 
today  to  celebrate,  under  the  auspices  of  the  University,  a  ser- 
vice in  memory  of  one  who  was  not  only  a  distinguished  alum- 
nus of  Columbia,  but  a  most  loyal  and  faithful  son.  Frederick 
William  Holls  entered  the  freshman  class  of  Columbia  College 
in  1874,  and  four  years  later,  in  1878,  was  graduated  a  bachelor 
of  arts.  Two  years  afterwards  he  received  the  degree  of  bach- 
elor of  laws  from  the  Columbia  Law  School.  During  this  long- 
period  of  study  his  roots  struck  deeply  into  college  life,  and  he 
was  ill  nian\  directions  one  of  the  strong  and  notable  men  of 
his  class  in  both  Law  School  and  College.  Among  his  many 
student  activities  he  is  remembered  as  the  first  editor  of  the 
Columbia  Spectator,  the  college  organ  that  exists  as  a  daily 
journal  today.  If  he  was  active  as  a  student  in  student  interests, 
he  was  no  less  eagerly  interested  in  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  University  in  the  busy  years  that  have  intervened, 
when  he  always  gladly  and  self-disinterestedly  stood  ready  with 
word  and  deed  to  help  us  along  our  way.  It  was  with  peculiar 
satisfaction,  then,  to  us  at  Columbia,  that  we  learned  that  you 
who  are  not  our  alumni,  on  your  own  initiative,  desired  to  have 
these  memorial  services  at  this  University,  because  we  saw  that 


20  IN     MEMORIAM 

you  plainly  connected  Frederick  W.  Holls's  career,  so  wide  in 
its  later  activities,  in  its  beginnings,  at  least,  inherently  with  us, 
and  as  we,  too,  like  to  connect  it.  Columbia  mourns  with  )-ou 
today  a  son  departed,  but  glories,  too,  in  the  memory  of  his 
career — a  life  brief  in  its  measure  of  years,  but  long  in  distin- 
guished achievement. 

The  first  address  was  made  by  the  Hon.  Andrew  D.  \\  hite, 
late  Ambassador  to  the  German  Empire : 

Ladies  and  Gcnilcincn  : 

More  deeply  than  is  usual  on  occasions  of  this  kind,  this  com- 
memoration must  touch  our  hearts. 

Usually  such  gatherings  to  renew  and  compare  our  remem- 
brances of  a  departed  friend  are  made  up  wholly  or  mainly  of 
members  of  the  same  profession,  or  the  same  organization,  or 
the  same  sect,  or  the  same  party.  That  is  not  at  all  the  case 
with  us  today.  We  come  from  various  professions,  from  many 
organizations,  from  all  sects  and  parties ;  we  represent,  indeed, 
nothing"  less  than  universal  humanity. 

Usually,  also,  such  meetings  commemorate  the  departure  of 
men  laden  with  years  and  honors  ;  of  men  who  have  well 
rounded  out  their  lives  ;  who  have  discharged  their  duties  and 
received  their  rewards  :  but  we  now  meet  to  commemorate  a 
man  who  had  not  reached  middle  age.  He  had,  indeed,  dis- 
charged duties,  many,  varied,  and  important,  and  he  had  dis- 
charged them  well  ;  but  we  had  all  thought  of  him  as  onl\'  at 
the  beginning  of  his  career.  Therefore  it  is  that  his  death 
comes  to  us  all  as  an  especial  loss,  leaving  a  void  both  in  our 
hearts  and  in  our  best  hopes  and  expectations  of  his  yet  higher 
service  to  his  country. 

My  first  knowledge  of  him  was  derived  from  various  com- 
munications made  by  him  to  the  press — articles  which  showed 


FREDERICK     WII   l.IAM      IIOl.I.S  21 

an  ardent  devotion  to  a  reform  of  the  civil  servicer.  What 
especially  struck  nie  was  their  clearness,  their  cogency,  their 
practical  insight  into  American  life,  their  thorough  under- 
standing of  the  conditions  under  which  a  struggle  for  such  a 
reform  must  he  made  in  a  republic  like  ours.  He  was  then  but 
a  young  man  —  just  out  ot  Coluinbia  College.  He  had  clearly 
set  for  hiinsclt  a  iiigh  ideal,  but  he  poiiiicd  out  paths  toward  it 
which  were  practical.  He  had  made  the  studies  which  doctri- 
naires make,  but  he  had  done  far  more;  for  while  his  know- 
ledge of  the  best  thoughts  of  the  best  thinkers  was  wide  and 
deep  and  accurate,  he  had  closel\-  observed  men  as  they  are, 
and  he  had  kept  in  touch  with  them. 

Frederick  the  Great  said  of  Joseph  II,  who  made  perhaps 
the  noblest  of  all  efforts  in  modern  times  to  accomplish  great 
reforms,  and  yet  the  most  unsuccessful,  that  he  always  took  the 
second  step  before  he  had  taken  the  first.  This  could  not  be 
said  of  our  friend.  In  /lis  eftbrts  one  step  logically  followed 
another.  He  was  willing  to  labor  and  to  wait.  He  strove  for 
the  best  attainable,  in  the  hope  of  securing,  later,  the  best 
thinkable.  He  had  faith  in  right  as  against  wrong,  even 
though  right  was  delayed.  He  had  inherited  a  noble  German 
idealism,  and  he  had  gained  American  straightforward  com- 
mon sense.  He  revered  the  ])olitical  ideas  of  Francis  Lieber; 
he  rejoiced  in  the  patriotism  and  eloquence  of  Carl  Schurz;  he 
cherished  the  teachings  of  his  Columbia  instructors,  notably 
those  of  Professor  Burgess:  but  in  solving  any  political  prob- 
lem or  laying  down  a  line  of  political  action  he  took  the  course 
revealed  to  him  by  his  own  reason  and  his  own  conscience  — 
even  though  it  led  him  away,  temporarily,  from  friends  very 
near  and  dear  to  him. 

Mv  tirst  personal  acquaintance  with  him  w^as  made  at  the 
Rcpul)lican  National  Convention  of  1884,  at  Chicago.  Une.x- 
pectedly  to  myself,  I  had  been  sent  there  as  one  of  .the  dele- 


22  IN     MEMORIAM 

gates-at-large  from  the  State  of  New  York,  as  the  colleague 
of  such  men  as  Theodore  Roosevelt  and  George  William 
Curtis.  We  had  been  elected  as  "  Independents."  Our  wish 
was  that  whoever  might  be  nominated  or  whatever  might  be 
done,  the  candidate  of  the  party  should  be  fully  and  thoroughly 
committed  to  a  reform  of  the  civil  service.  P^or  that  we  cared 
more  than  for  the  success  of  any  individual.  The  candidate 
whom  we  tavored  was  not  nominated.  The  candidate  selected 
was  more  widely  beloved  by  his  contemporaries  than  any 
statesman  since  Henry  Clay,  but  we  feared  his  connection  with 
men  and  methods  of  the  past,  we  doubted  whether  his  alle- 
giance to  the  principles  we  had  at  heart  could  be  secured.  An 
especial  effort  was  therefore  made  to  interest  him  in  the  re- 
form, and  to  induce  him  to  commit  himself  to  it,  and  one  of  the 
main  agents  in  this  eftbrt  was  this  young  German-American. 
He  discharged  his  duties  vigorously  and  faithfully;  made,  at 
once,  the  journey  from  Illinois  to  Maine,  and  wrought  there 
with  others  so  efficiently  that  the  candidate  committed  himself 
definitely,  fully,  and  publicly  to  the  militant  reform. 

The  activities  of  our  friend  now  became  varied.  He  was 
making  a  vigorous  beginning  as  a  young  lawyer;  he  had  his 
own  way  to  hew  and  he  was  obliged  to  work  hard ;  but  this 
caused  no  abatement  of  his  political  efforts.  It  was  soon  seen 
that  his  interest  in  the  higher  range  of  political  questions  was 
greater  even  than  in  his  profession,  and  that,  as  regarded  a 
very  considerable  number  of  such  questions,  especially  those  in 
which  our  German-American  citizens  were  most  interested,  he 
was  a  wise  counselor  and  a  forceful  speaker.  Whether  in 
the  committee  room  or  on  the  stump,  whether  advising  or 
exhorting,  whether  in  English  or  in  German,  he  was  soon 
recognized  as  a  power  to  be  reckoned  with. 

There  was  in  him  a  big,  hearty,  shrewd  force — physical, 
intellectual,   moral  —  which  it  was  hard  to   resist.      This  was 


l-Ri:i)ERICK     WII.l.lAM      lloiLS  23 

soon  felt  by  his  neighbors  and  he  was  nominated  to  the  State 
Senate.  In  the  district  where  he  liveil  his  party  was  inileed  in 
a  hopeless  minority  and  defeat  was  of  course;  but  he  made  a 
strong-  eftbrt,  and  the  party  was  the  better  for  it. 

The  ne.\t  important  step  in  his  public  career  was  his  election 
to  the  State  Constitutional  Convention.  There  he  was  .soon 
among  the  leaders.  I  Ic  threw  himself  into  llu-  work  with  all 
his  thoughtfulness  and  force.  Nearest  his  heart  were  ques- 
tions pertaining  to  the  betterment  of  municipal  government  and 
the  advancement  of  the  educational  system  of  the  State  in  all 
its  branches;  to  these  things  he  gave  steady  thought  and  con- 
stant effort,  with  a  most  useful  result  to  our  whole  Common- 
wealth. 

The  ne.\t  main  step  in  his  public  career  was  when,  in  1899, 
he  was  appointed  secretary  to  the  American  delegation  at  the 
Peace  Conference  of  the  Hague,  broni  intimate  knowled<re,  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  assert  that  no  member  of  the  delegation  ran- 
dered  greater  services  than  he.  More  and  more  I  was  im- 
pressed by  his  earnestness  in  studying  the  questions  which  rose 
before  us.  Me  brought  to  this  task  a  clear  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  international  law;  but  he  also  brought  remark- 
able skill  in  securing  the  best  opinion  from  his  contemporaries 
and  associates,  and  he  constantly  showed  his  force  in  discus- 
sion. Before  the  delegation  had  been  at  the  Hague  twenty- 
four  hours,  he  seemed  to  know  and  to  be  in  touch  with  the 
leading  nun  in  the  whole  bod\- ;  he  seemed  instinctively  to  tlis- 
cern  those  who  were  simply  make-weights  and  lookers-on,  and 
those  who  might  be  made  useful  allies  in  the  effort  of  the 
American  government  to  secure  a  practical  plan  of  arbitration. 

.As  a  member  of  the  great  committee  of  the  conference  on 
arbitration,  he  was  especially  active.  More  ami  more  his  abil- 
ity was  recognized  by  the  leading  men  representing  various 
nations  in   that  bodv,  and  more  and  more  he  influenced  their 


24  IN     MEMORIAM 

thinking.  One  matter  deserves  here  especial  mention.  He 
was  the  only  member  of  the  whole  bod)-  whose  name  was  given 
by  general  consent  to  a  successful  proposal  —  tor  it  was  he 
who  sueeested  the  article  on  "Seconding  Powers,"  which  was 
finally  adopted  by  the  conference  in  full  session  and  with  vir- 
tual unanimity.  It  was  generally  known  as  "The  Rolls  Pro- 
posal"— "La  Proposition  Ho/Is."  It  is  altogether  likely  that 
this  may  yet  prove  a  most  important  weapon  in  the  armory  of 
peace. 

Recognition  of  his  ability,  his  shrewdness,  his  earnestness, 
his  force,  came  in  various  ways  and  from  many  different  quar- 
ters. A  strong  friendship  grew  up  between  him  and  leading 
delegates  from  England,  France,  Germany,  Russia,  Austria, 
the  Netherlands  and  Italy.  Perhaps  the  most  curious  and 
interestine  of  all  the  tributes  to  his  ability  was  that  made  bv 
the  Siamese  delegation;  its  members  formed  so  high  an  opin- 
ion of  him  that  he  was  soon  afterwards  selected  as  one  oi  the 
judges  to  represent  Siam  on  the  permanent  arbitration  tribunal. 

While  thus  doing  worthy  work  in  the  conference  at  large, 
his  skilful  activity  was  shown  in  other  ways.  Some  time  after 
our  assembling,  there  arose  questions  of  the  utmost  difficulty 
and  delicacy.  It  was  suddenly  made  known  that  three  of  the 
greater  powers  of  continental  Europe  were  likely  to  take  ground 
against  the  whole  idea  of  international  arbitration.  It  was 
therefore  decided  by  the  presidents  of  the  German  and  Ameri- 
can delegations  to  send  each  a  special  messenger  to  Berlin  to 
clear  up  misunderstandings  and  to  prevent  such  a  catastrophe, 
if  possible.  Our  friend  was  one  of  the  two  selected,  the  other 
being  one  of  the  most  eminent  European  authorities  in  inter- 
national law.  Never  was  mission  more  successful.  Mr.  Holls 
at  once  gained  the  confidence  of  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
then  Count  von  Buelow,  and  even  of  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Empire,  Prince  Hohenlohe.     Both  these  magnates  were  greatly 


FREDERICK     WILLIAM      IIOLLS  25 

impressed  hv  his  straightforward  and  earnest  statement  of  the 
case.  The  tlanger  was  averted  :\nd  thenceforward  tlie  repre- 
sentatives of  Germany,  of  Austria-Hungary  and  of  Ital\-  stood 
shoulder  to  shoulder  with  those  of  the  United  States,  Cireat 
Britain  and  I-rance  in  the  creation  of  an  international  tribunal. 

At  a  later  period  Mr.  Holls  clenched  this  work  by  interviews 
with  the  three  continental  emperors, —  the  Emperor  William, 
the  Emperor  Francis  Joseph,  and  the  Emperor  Nicholas. 
These  interviews  were  not  merely  perfunctory.  He  discussed 
with  these  monarchs  the  work  of  the  conference,  fully,  ear- 
nestly and  with  power.  They  gladly  heard  him.  and  he  thus 
undoubtedly  increased  the  certaint\-  of  ultimate  triuiii|)li  for 
international  arbitration. 

The  same  thing  may  be  said  as  to  his  activity  among 
European  statesmen,  especially  at  Berlin,  London,  Paris  and 
St.  Petersburg.  Probably  no  young  American  of  our  time  has 
thoroughly  discussed  the  questions  raised  by  the  International 
Peace  Conference,  or  indeed  any  current  political  questions, 
with  so  many  leaders  of  various  European  nations  as  did  our 
friend  in  these  interviews. 

In  the  intervals  of  political  effort  at  home  and  ol  these  ser- 
vices to  international  peace  abroad,  he  did  much  other  work. 
PIspecially  important  was  his  book  upon  the  Hague  Confer- 
ence. It  gave  the  history  which  led  up  to  the  calling  of  that 
body,  and  it  showed  what  was  said  and  done,  not  only  in  the 
body  at  large,  but  in  the  various  committees  and  by  the  individ- 
uals who  took  an  important  part  in  its  deliberations.  In  view 
of  the  brief  time  in  which  the  book  was  prepared,  it  certainly 
did  our  friend  great  credit.  It  must  ever  remain  a  monument, 
not  only  to  the  congress  of  which  it  records  the  history,  but 
to  this  young  secretary  who,  in  so  short  a  space  of  time,  gave 
so  complete  an  account  of  the  work  then  done  lor  his  country 
and  for  humanit\-  at  large. 


26  IN     MEMORIAM 

From  various  journeys  in  many  parts  of  the  world  he  also 
brought  back  much  of  general  interest,  but  among  the  things 
we  have  to  regret  is  that  he  published  so  little  of  this.  Those 
who  have  read  his  recollections  of  his  Eastern  journeys,  and 
especially  of  his  stay  at  Constantinople,  must  always  regret 
that  he  did  not  iind  time  to  give  to  the  press  more  of  these 
results  of  travel.  The  latest  of  his  publications  in  this  held  has 
especial  interest  to  many  scholars.  Happening  to  stop  at 
Weimar,  during  a  rapid  journey  through  central  Germany,  he 
discovered  the  manuscript  letters  which  passed  between  Ralph 
Waldo  Emerson  and  Herman  Grimm.  These  he  prepared  for 
pul;)lication,  and  they  throw  a  most  pleasant  light  over  the  rela- 
tions of  the  greatest  of  American  philosophers  and  the  most 
thoughtful  of  recent  German  critics. 

I  might  dwell  upon  many  of  his  varied  qualities  which  so 
endeared  him  to  the  friends  who  knew  him  best.  Many  of  us 
had  occasion  to  admire  the  breadth  and  depth  of  his  acquain- 
tance with  literature,  both  German  and  English,  with  the  best 
historical  treatises,  and  with  the  clearest  statements  of  modern 
political  thought  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  All  this  drew 
us  to  him,  but  he  had  two  special  gifts  which  were  to  those 
who  knew  him  best  a  constant  delight.  First,  his  fund  of 
humor.  Whether  in  English  or  German,  this  fund  seemed 
inexhaustible.  Again  and  again  I  have  seen  it  drawn  upon  in 
the  midst  of  surroundings  so  diverse  as  gatherings  of  political 
leaders  in  America,  and  of  university  professors  in  Germany, — 
and  alwa)s  to  the  joy  of  his  hearers. 

But  perhaps  that  which  drew  the  group  of  his  most  intimate 
friends  most  closely  to  him  was  his  passion  for  what  was  best 
and  highest  in  music.  Who  that  has  been  privileged  to  hear 
him  in  the  midst  of  his  beautiful  home  surroundings,  while 
interpreting  the  most  lofty  inspirations  of  the  greatest  com- 
posers, can  ever  forget  it? 


I-RI-DERTCK     WTT.T.IAM     HOl.I.S  27 

And  here  perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  give  one  reminiscence 
showing  not  only  his  skill  in  tlu-  great  art  which  lu-  loved  so 
well,  but  his  promptness,  slirewdness  and  tact  in  doing  the 
right  thing  at  the  ritrht  moment. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1899,  in  the  midst  of  the  sessions  of  the 
Peace  Conference  at  the  Hao-ue,  the  American  deleyation  cele- 
brated  our  national  festival  of  Indi-pt'ntlcnce,  ami  iin  ited  to  this 
celebration  not  only  the  delegates  from  our  sister  nations,  but 
the  leading  representatives  of  the  Netherlands:  the  ministers 
of  the  crown,  the  men  foremost  in  science,  literature  and  art, 
the  leaders  in  tlu-  universities,  the  authorities  of  the  cities.  The 
celebration  was  held  at  the  ancient  cathedral  church  in  the 
City  ot  Delft,  and  the  central  event  of  the  whole  celebration  was 
the  laying  of  a  wreath  of  silver  and  gold,  b\-  the  American  dele- 
gation, upon  the  tomb  of  Hugo  Grotius — a  tribute  to  the  fore- 
most leader  in  the  realm  of  international  law — the  first  to 
utter  forth  to  the  world  a  plea  for  a  settlement  of  international 
difficulties  by  the  methods  of  peace  rather  than  by  those  of  war. 
The  main  labor  in  making  all  the  arrangements  fell  to  our 
friend,  the  secretary  of  the  American  delegation.  His  duty 
was  discharged  vigorously,  thoroughly,  perfectly.  The  great 
national  choir  of  Amstt-rdam,  which  had  sung  at  the  coronation 
of  the  Queen  of  the  Netherlands,  he  assembled  in  the  apse  of 
this  vast  church  edifice.  At  the  great  organ  he  placed  one  of 
the  most  eminent  professors  of  the  Netherlamls  ;  he  made  pro- 
vision even  for  the  due  chiming  of  the  i:)ells  in  the  tower,  and 
finally  for  a  dinner,  admirably  served  in  the  ancient  Town  Hall, 
to  four  hundred  and  fifty  guests.  As  the  center  of  all  the  exer- 
cises came  addresses  by  the  Netherlands  ministers  of  state,  by 
the  Burgomaster  of  the  City  of  Delft,  and  by  representatives  of 
our  own  delegation,  of  whom  I  rejoice  to  remember  as  the  most 
eloquent  the  then  President  of  Columbia  University,  the  present 
Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the   Honorable  Seth  Low. 


28  IX     MEMORIAM 

But  the  event  most  characteristic  of  our  friend  occurred  just  at 
the  beginning  of  the  proceedings.  Our  delegation,  being  as- 
sembled at  the  extreme  east  end  of  the  cathedral,  in  front 
of  the  tomb  of  William  of  Orange  and  at  the  side  of  the 
tomb  of  Grotius,  awaited  the  coming  of  the  delegates  of  all 
the  great  states  represented  at  the  Hague.  Presently  they 
began  to  arrive.  First  came  the  president  of  the  conler- 
ence,  Baron  de  Staal,  the  Russian  ambassador  at  London, 
with  his  large  body  of  associates.  Hardly  had  he  planted 
his  foot  within  the  church,  filled  as  it  was  with  a  vast  assem- 
bly, when  from  the  great  organ  went  up  the  Russian  national 
anthem,  swelling  through  the  aisles,  rolling  under  the  vaults, 
echoing  between  the  arches,  majestic  and  sublime.  Xe.xt  came 
the  representatives  of  Austria- Hungary ;  and  hardly  had  they 
entered  the  church  when  their  great  national  anthem,  the 
"  Imperial  Austrian  Hymn,"  sounded  through  the  vast  edifice. 
The  German  delegation  was  duly  saluted  by  "Die  Wacht  am 
Rhein."  Lord  Pauncefote  followed,  and  there  swelled  forth 
•'  God  Save  the  Queen,"  and  when  the  delegates  of  France 
entered  there  came  an  outburst  of  "  La  Marseillaise."  And  so 
it  was  that  every  leading  national  delegation,  as  it  entered  this 
vast  edifice  and  made  its  way  up  the  broad  aisle,  was  in  its 
turn  greeted  by  its  own  national  anthem  gloriously  given. 
The  old  cathedral  seemed  to  tremble  for  joy — joy  at  the  in- 
coming of  a  better  epoch. 

At  first  it  was  all  a  wonder  to  me.  It  was  hard  to  understand 
how^  the  organist  could  have  possibly  arranged  matters  so  per- 
fectly :  but  presently,  on  looking  about,  I  discovered  that  our 
friend  was  not  with  us,  and  then  the  mystery  was  solved.  In 
his  determination  that  all  should  be  done  in  the  best  manner 
possible,  he  had  quietly  left  us,  made  his  way  up  into  the  organ 
loft,  taken  the  place  of  the  organist,  and  having  arranged  a 
chain  of  signals  from  the  entrance  of  the  cathedral,  had  been 
able  to  salute  each   delegation  as  it  arrived  with    the  music 


FREDERICK     WILLIAM     IKM.LS  29 

which  it  recognized  as  its  own.  Those  of  us  who  best  know 
our  friend  will  see  in  this  a  combination  of  his  two  most  remark- 
able characteristics — his  profound  esthetic  sense  and  his  prompt- 
ness in  doing  his  duty,  whatever  it  might  be. 

On  his  return  home  he  resumed  all  his  more  important 
activities.  His  merit  as  an  adviser  was  recognized,  especially 
in  questions  pertaining  to  the  relations  between  the  United 
States  and  Germany,  and  between  German-Americans  and  the 
great  body  of  our  citizens  at  large,  by  both  the  late  and  pres- 
ent President  of  the  United  States.  The  last  letter  which  I 
ever  received  from  him  was  one  written  on  the  last  afternoon 
of  his  life,  eivingr  an  account  of  a  recent  discussion  with  the 
President  regarding  certain  important  matters  of  international 
policy.  It  represented  all  of  our  friend's  best  characteristics  — 
his  clearness  of  vision,  the  cogency  of  statement,  his  earnest 
patriotism,  and  his  devotion  to  international  peace  with  honor. 
It  came  to  me  as  a  voice  from  beyond  the  tomb.  Thirty-six 
hours  before  I  received  it,  while  making  an  e.xcursion  on  the 
coast  of  Maine,  I  had  taken  up  a  newspaper  and  there  had 
seen  the  account  of  his  sudden  death,  and  it  was  only  at  the 
end  of  the  following  day  that  his  letter  reached  me.  I  thought 
of  the  words,  "  He  being  dead  yet  speaketh." 

Many  lessons  of  value  might  be  drawn  from  his  career,  but  I 
think  that  they  must  be  evident  to  us  all.  They  are  treasured 
in  the  hearts  of  those  who  knew  him  best.  There  is  no  need 
to  dwell  upon  them  here.  Deep  as  is  our  disappointment  that 
he  is  lost  to  us,  and  above  all,  to  his  country,  at  so  early  an  age, 
we  may  yet  be  thankful  for  the  e.xample  he  has  set,  for  lofty 
ideals  worthily  followed,  for  good  purposes  nobly  served,  for 
sturdy  battles  bravely  fought,  for  a  spirit  strenuous,  yet  kindly, 
for  a  life  full  of  force,  yet  full  of  beauty. 

Mr.  White  was  followed  by  Professor  Hugo  Munsterberg,  of 
Harvard  University,  who  spoke  of  his  intimate  friendship  with 


30  IN     MEMORIAM 

the  deceased  and  of  his  friend's  view  of  the  duties  of  the  Ger- 
man-American citizen.  Professor  Miinsterberg,  speaking  in 
German,  deHvered  the  following  address: 

Die  Geschichte  des  Deutschtums  in  Amerika  ist  farblos  und 
einformig.  Das  Deutschtum  tat  seine  Schuldigkeit,  ehrbar 
und  schlicht,  ohne  kuhne  Hoffnungen  und  deshalbohne  schwere 
Enttauschungen  :  nur  selten  kam  der  Anlass  zu  iiberwalti- 
gender  Freude  oder  zu  erschiitternder  Trauer.  Um  so  tiefer 
mussdaher  der  Schmerz  in  die  Seele  greifen,  wenn  das  Deutsch- 
tum endlich  einmal  aus  seineni  Boden  eine  stolze  sieghafte  Per- 
sonlichkeit  erwachsen  sieht,  die  den  Deutschen  des  Landes 
wie  kein  andrer  Ehre  bringen  sollte,  und  dann  ein  Blitz  hernie- 
derzuckt,  der  plotzlich  alles  Hoffen  vernichtet.  Ja,  selten  hat 
das  Deutschtum  Amerikas  zu  ernsterer  Trauer  Anlass  gehabt, 
als  in  der  Stunde,  da  Friedrich  W'ilhelm  Holls  starb.  \'on  den 
Millionen  Deutschamerikanern,  die  in  diesem  Lande  geboren 
sind,  schien  er  wie  kaum  ein  andrer  berufen,  ein  Fuhrer  zu 
werden  ;  wer  den  schnellen  Anstieg  seiner  letzten  Jahre  sah, 
der  fiihlte  lebhaft,  dass  alles  nur  die  Vorbereitung  fUr  grosse 
reife  weitwirkende  Taten  gewesen  :  und  da  erstarrte  die  Lippe, 
ehe  das  erflillende  Wort  gesprochen  war. 

Bei  einer  so  inhaltvollen  Personlichkeit  istjedes  Erinnerungs- 
wort  unzureichend  und  deutlich  vor  allem  empfinde  ich  es,  wie 
viele  andre  wiirdiger  waren,  die  Gefiihle  der  Deutschen  in 
dieser  Stunde  zum  Ausdruck  zu  bringen.  Nur  eines  gibt  mir 
dazu  den  Mut:  die  enee  treue  riickhaltlose  Freundschaft,  die 
mich  mit  dem  Verstorbenen  wahrend  seiner  letzten  Lebens- 
jahre  verbunden  hat.  Ja,  mich  durchsonnt  die  Erinnerung  an 
immer  neue  glUckliche  Plauderstunden,  wenn  wir  am  Hiigel- 
abhang  seines  prachtigen  Gartens  sassen,  im  Friihling  in 
seiner  Lieblingslaube  unter  den  bliihenden  Apfelbaumen, 
oder  im  Herbst,  wenn  die  blauen  Trauben  um  uns  reiften,  und 


1'Ri:derick    wii.liam    iiolls         31 

die  Blicki'  iihir  iltii  lliulson  hiniiber  zii  dcii  Pallisaden 
schwfiften.  Odt-r  ucmi  cr  hiiuihcr  nach  llar\ard  kaiii,  wo  er 
so  i^erne  iinter  den  alten  Ulnien  schlenderte  uiul  ottmals  ini  Ge 
sprach  aus  dem  Mory^cn  der  Abend  wartl.  Aber  imnicr  doch 
war  ich  mir  dessen  bewusst,  dass  cr  mir  nicht  nur  ein  person- 
licher  Freniul  war,  sondcrn  dass  ich  in  den  Ziii^en  des  F"reundes 
noch  ein  andres  suchle  uml  land:  das  Idealbild  des  Deutsch- 
amerikaners.  Als  ich  vor  JahrestVist  ein  Buch  anierikanischer 
Eindriicke  in  die  Welt  hinaiissandte,  da  tru^;  jcder  Band  auf 
der  Widmunirsseite  die  Inschrift:  Friedrich  Wilhehn  I  lolls,  dem 
idealen    Typiis  des  Amerikaners  von  deutscher  Abstammung. 

Er  selber  hat  es  oft  deutlich  ausgesprochen,  was  er  als  Ziel- 
punkt  des  amerikanischen  Deiitschtums  erfasste.  Eines  vor 
allem  :  der  Deutsche  soil  mit  ganzem  Herzen  Amerikaner  sein. 
Jede  Stunde  seines  Tagewerks  hat  diese  crnsteste  Forderung 
erfiillt:  mit  gliihendem  Patriotismus  hat  er  dcni  l.ande  gedient, 
in  dem  er  geboren  wurde,  und  selbst  in  jener  Feststnnde,  als  die 
Deiitschen  den  Bruder  des  Kaisers  griissten,  war  ein  stolzes 
Amerikabekenntnis  sein  erstes  Wort.  Und  dennoch  war  die 
Zueehoriirkeit  seiner  Eltern  zum  deiitschen  Volke  liir  ihn 
durchaus  nicht  nur  eine  sentimentale  Erinnerung,  sondern  eine 
Quelle  freudiger  Aufgaben,  wertvoUster  Pflichten.  Welches 
sind  diese  deutschamerikanischen  Pflichten  ? 

\icht  einen  Staat  im  Staate  sollen  die  Deutschen  schaffen. 
Wenn  die  Deutschen  sich  absondern,  so  sagte  er  oft,  dann  er- 
kennen  sie  damitauch  andren  das  Rechtzu,  besondere  Gruppen 
zu  bilden,  und  da  die  Englander  in  der  Mehrheit  sind,  so 
wiirden  die  Deutschen  dadurch  in  die  zweite  Reihe  zuriick- 
iredrangft.  Unser  Freund  wollte  es  anders.  Es  yibt  nur  eine 
Art  Amerikanertum.  F!s  ist  so  wenig  englisch  wie  es  deutsch 
ist :  es  ist  ein  Neues,  ein  erst  taglich  zu  Schaffendes,  das  als 
einheitliche  sittliche  Aufgabe  den  Abkommlingen  aller  Na- 
tionen  gestellt  ist.     Jede    Nation   soil    ihr    Bestes    beitragen, 


32  IN     MEMORIAM 

dieses  Volk  der  Zukuntt  zu  innerer  X'ollendung  zu  erheben, 
aber  das  Ganze  ist  dann  scliliesslich  gemeinsames  Werk,  mit 
gleichem  Anrecht  fur  alle,  die  zur  amerikanischen  Neukultur 
beitragen  diirften. 

So  kam  es,  dass  er  den  Schwerpunkt  vielleicht  weniger  als 
andre  auf  die  Pflege  des  Deutschen  als  Umgangssprache  legte. 
Er  liebte  die  Sprache  seiner  Eltern  von  Herzen,  er  sprach  sie 
vollendet,  er  elirte  sie  dadurch,  dass  er  sie  rein  hielt  und  nie  die 
widerwartiiie  Vermischuno;  von  Deutsch  und  Enolisch  duldete, 
seine  bedeutendsten  Reden  hat  er  deutsch  gehalten  :  aber  im 
Grunde  wollte  er  das  Deutsche  hier  als  die  Sprache  der  deut- 
schen Dichter  und  Denker  gepflegt  wissen.  als  Kultursprache, 
nicht  als  X'olkssprache,  da  er  eben  nur  eine  einzige  Art  des 
Amerikanertums  anerkannte  und  es  aus  historischen  Griinden 
teststand,  dass  Deutsch  nicht  die  Sprache  des  neuen  ameri- 
kanischen V^olkes  sein  kann.  Wichtigeres  als  die  sprachliche 
Form  sollte  das  Deutschtum  zu  der  neuen  Kultur  beitragen  : 
deutsche  Griindlichkeit  und  deutsche  Tiefe,  deutsches  Gemiits- 
leben  und  deutsche  Ge\vissenhaftio;keit,  deutsche  Preudi^keit 
und  deutschen  Ernst. 

Hier  setzte  sein  bestes  Wollen  ein  und  alle  Einfliisse  des 
vaterlichen  Predigerhauses,  alle  Gaben,  die  Natur  ihm  mitge- 
geben,  alle  ZUge  seines  Temperaments  und  Characters,  wirk- 
ten  harmonisch  zusammen,  um  ihn  in  diesem  Sinne  zum  Vor- 
bild  werden  zu  lassen.  Weriauschen  durfte,  wenn  er  in  seinem 
Heim  mit  Kiinstlerhand  die  Orgel  spielte,  der  wusste,  dass 
alles  Tiefe  und  Ernste  der  deutschen  Volksseele  in  seinem 
Gemiite  herrlich  weiterklang.  Immer  wieder  versenkte  er 
sich  in  die  deutsche  Dichtung;  deutsche  Geschichtsschreibung 
war  seine  liebste  Lektiire ;  dem  Andenken  Hermann  Grimm's 
war  seine  letzte  Schrift  gewidmet.  Und  der  deutsche  Idealis- 
mus,  der  ihn  selbst  erfiillte,  sollte  nun  die  weitesten  Kreise 
durchdringen.    Wie  ward  er  zum  Rufer  im  Streit,  wenn  es  gait 


I'Ri:  IM'RICK     WILLIAM     IKM.LS  ^t, 

tiir  Rciiihcil  uiul  i'llirr  iin  [jolitischen  Kani[)tr  (.■inzuslL-hn,  wc'iin 
es  gait,  das  Dauerndc  iibcr  diii  \  Ortcil  der  Stunde  zii  erheben. 

Was  ihm  iiahe  trat,  crgrilT  cr  mil  d<jutscher  wissciischaftlicher 
Grundlichkcit ;  dor  Vcrkchr  mit  Gclchrtcii  war  ihm  Lebens- 
bediirfiiis;  die  wisseiischaftlichc  Arbeitsweisc  triiy  cr  in  jodes 
Gebiet,  das  er  beriihrtc.  Als  ilin  dcr  llaai^cr  briedenskon- 
gress  zu  beschaftigen  anting,  wandte  er  sich  sofort  den  em- 
sigsten  Forschungcn  zn  und  bald  schrieb  er  das  griindlichstc 
Werk  iiber  die  ganze  Bewegung.  Kr  sagte  oft,  dass  der 
schlimmste  innere  Feind  Amerikas  die  Oberflachlichkeit  sei 
und  dass  Amerika  erst  lernen  miisse,  wie  selir  es  not  tut,  ein 
Problem  wirklich  zu  bemeistern,  ehe  man  es  zu  losen  versucht. 
V'or  allem  abcr  glaubte  er  an  die  vertiefte  deutsche  Lcbcns- 
auHassung;  nichts  Wertvolleres  bringt  der  Deutsche  iiber  den 
Ozean.  Er  bewunderte  tlie  angelsachsischcn  Tugenden,  aber 
er  wusste  es,  nur  der  deutsche  sittliche  Idealismus  kann  das 
nationale  Leben  Amerikas  "davor  bewahren,  von  dem  Mug- 
sand  der  Tagespolitik  verschiittet  zu  werden."  In  tiefbe- 
wegten  Worten  sprach  er  das  aus,  als  ich  ihn  zum  letzten  Male 
sah,  kurze  Wochen  vor  seinem  Tode.  Kr  war  hiniiberge- 
kommen,  um  in  Boston  und  Concord  die  Erinnerungsfeier  zu 
Emerson's  hundertstem  Geburtstag  mitzuerleben.  Mit  der 
Begeisterung  eines  Jiinglings  schritt  er  durch  die  Strassen 
von  Concord,  das  er  mit  Weimar  verglich,  und  genoss  den 
Zauber  jener  Stunden,  in  denen  Emerson's  Geist  lebendig 
wurde.  Immer  wieder  kam  er  damals  darauf  zuriick,  dass 
der  deutsche  Idealismus,  der  Idealismus  Fichtes,  der  Emerson 
bewegte,  fiir  Amerika  wichtiger  sei  als  irgend  eine  deutsche 
Erbschaft. 

Zu  seinem  deutschen  Lebensernst  und  seiner  deutschen 
Tiefe  gesellte  sich  aber  wie  bci  wenigen  die  deutsche  Lebens- 
freude.  Seine  launige,  oft  schalkhafte  Heiterkeit,  sein  Behagcn 
an  frohlicher  Geselligkeit,  sein   Gliick  im  Helm,, sein  Schwel- 


34  IN     MEMORIAM 

gtn  in  Dichtung  und  Musik,  seine  Liebe  fiir  die  Natur,  seine 
Preude  am  personlichen  Verkehr  mit  Mannern  von  historischer 
Bedeutuno-,  alles  einigte  sich.  damit  sein  tatenvolles  Leben 
zugleich  ein  freudenvolies  wiirde,  und  wahrend  sein  Dasein  in 
seiner  Arbeit  weiterwirken  wollte  wie  die  Rede  des  Anwalts. 
war  es  zugleich  in  seiner  Lebensfreude  jederzeit  in  sich  selbst 
vollendet  wie  der  Sang  des  Dichters.  Und  so  in  vollster 
Lebenshist  traf  ihn  der  schnelle  leidenlose  Tod. 

Aber  die  PBichten  des  Deutschen  in  Amerika  erfullen, 
bedeutete  ihni  nicht  nur,  deutsche  Ideale  in  die  \'olksseele  zu 
senken,  sondern  zugleich,  zwischen  dem  \'aterlande  und 
dem  Lande  der  X'ater  I'aden  der  Freundschaft  hiniiber  und 
heriiber  zu  kniipfen.  Auch  da  hat  kein  Deutscher,  der  unter 
dem  Sternenbanner  geboren,  je  die  Aufgabe  tiefer  erfasst  und 
reicher  erfiillt.  Was  er  fiir  die  freundschaftlichen  Beziehun- 
gen  beider  Lander  vollbracht,  durch  das,  was  er  angeregt, 
und  vielleicht  noch  mehr  durch  das,  was  er  verhindert,  wire! 
erst  dann  deutlich  hervortreten,  wenn  es  nicht  mehr  Politik  ist, 
wenn  es  Geschichte  geworden  ist.  War  es  doch  auch  sein 
personlichstes  Verdienst,  dass  Deutschland  in  entscheidender 
Stunde  den  Widerspruch  gegen  die  amerikanischen  \  or- 
schlaee  auf  der  Haaeer  Konlerenz  aufcrab.  Und  niemals  war 
seine  Politik  durch  kleinliche  Sonderinteressen  bestimmt ;  sein 
scharfes  Auge  sah  die  Welt  in  historischer  Perspektive.  Grade 
well  Amerika  fiir  ihn  nicht  zufalliges  Produkt  der  Vergan- 
genheit,  sondern  sittliche  Aufgabe  der  Zukunft  war,  so  wurde 
die  deutschamerikanische  PVeundschaft  fiir  ihn  nicht  nur  ein 
Wunsch  der  zuriickschauenden  Pietat,  sondern  vor  allem  ein 
Ziel  der  vorwartsschauenden  Kulturarbeit.  Deshalb  war  er 
auch  gewiss,  dass  das  ungeschriebene  Biindnis  zwischen 
Deutschland  und  der  Neuen  Welt  sich  nicht  gegen  England 
kehren  diirfe  ;  unermiidlich  suchte  er  zwischen  den  teutoni- 
schen  X'olkern  auszugleichen. 


1- Ki:  DHRICK      WILLIAM      IKM.LS  35 

Vielleiclu  kvin  ;mierikanischer  l'ri\atniaiin  ist  so  viclcn  lei- 
tentlen  Staatsmannern  Huropas  perscinlich  nahc  ijc-trctcn  wie 
er;  gleichvicl  aber,  ob  cr  iiiit  Kaiscrn  und  Kanzlern  ver- 
handelte  oder  im  schlichten  Kreise  dcr  I'icuiule  plaudcrte,  auf 
dem  Forum  wic  am  Kamiii,  cr  war  stets  der  glciche  Idealist, 
stets  der  gleiche  Enthusiast,  dem  die  Ehre  seiner  Xalion  und 
der  Eriede  der  Welt  die  weite  Seele  erfiillte.  Das  aber  wusste 
er,  dass  der  Eriede  der  Welt  am  besten  jj^esichert  ist,  wenn  die 
germanischen  \'olker  ihn  schiitzen,  und  dass  die  Klhre  der 
amerikanischen  Nation  am  kostlichsten  glanzen  wird,  wvnn 
das  wahre  Deutschtum  ini  Lande  zu  starkerem  Eintluss 
kommt,  denn  tief  in  seinem  Ilerzen  ^liihte  still  der  Glaube, 
dass  von  alien  Idealen  die  deutsclien  doch  die  reinsten  sind. 
Lasset  uns  sorgen,  dass  auf  seinem  Grabeshugel  niemals  der 
deutsche  Eichkranz  fehlt. 

\^Herc  follorvs  a  translation  of  the  foregoing  addrcss\ 

The  history  of  German  culture  in  America  is  colorless  and 
uniform.  The  German  has  done  his  duty,  modestly  and  sim- 
ply, without  daring  hopes,  and  thus  without  sharp  disillusions: 
seldom  has  he  been  moved  to  overpowering  joy  or  to  over- 
whelming sorrow.  So  much  the  deeper,  then,  must  be  the 
grief  of  the  community  of  Germans,  in  seeing  a  high,  conquer- 
ing personality — one  sprung  at  last  from  its  own  soil,  one 
which  should  have,  more  than  any  other,  done  honor  to  the 
Germans  of  the  land — struck  down  of  a  sudden  by  a  blow 
which  brings  all  hope  to  naught.  Seldom,  indeed,  has  the 
German  race  in  America  had  eround  for  trraver  mourninsj 
than  in  the  hour  when  b^rederick  William  HoUs  died.  Of  the 
millions  of  German-Americans  born  in  the  country  he  seemed 
called,  as  none  other,  to  be  a  leader;  they  who  saw  the 
rapid  rise  of  his  last  years  perceived  clearly  that  all  that  had 


J 


6  IN    MEMORIAM 


gone  before  was  but  the  preparation  for  ripe  and  great  achieve- 
ment: and  then  the  Hps  grew  cold  in  death,  ere  yet  the  con- 
summate word  was  spoken. 

For  so  rich  and  so  significant  a  personality,  every  word  of 
commemoration  is  inadequate,  and  keenly  do  I  feel  how  much 
more  worthy  were  many  others  to  voice  the  feelings  of  Ger- 
mans in  this  hour.  One  thing  alone  gives  me  courage:  the 
close,  loyal,  and  frank  friendship  which,  during  these,  his  last 
years,  has  bound  me  to  the  dead.  There  comes  to  me  the 
sunny  memory  of  oft-renewed  and  ever-joyous  hours  of  talk, 
on  the  terrace  of  his  splendid  garden,  or  in  spring-time  in  his 
favorite  bower  under  the  blossoming  apple-trees,  or  in  autumn 
when  the  purple  grapes  were  ripening  about  us,  and  our  eyes 
could  sweep  the  Hudson  to  the  Palisades  beyond;  or  when 
he  came  in  turn  to  Harvard,  where  he  loved  to  saunter  under 
ancient  elms,  and  in  happy  interchange  the  morning  hours 
passed,  ott  unnoted,  into  evening.  But  I  was  ever  conscious 
that  he  was  to  me  not  a  personal  friend  alone;  in  the  features 
of  the  friend  I  souirht  and  found  another  —  the  ideal  fio^ure  of 
the  German-American.  When  I,  a  year  before,  had  launched 
upon  the  world  a  book  of  impressions  of  America,  every 
volume  bore  in  dedication  :  "  To  F.  W.  Holls,  ideal  t)-pe  of  the 
American  of  German  descent." 

He  has  himself  often  and  clearly  proclaimed  what  he  held  to 
be  the  end  and  aim  of  German  culture  in  America.  One  thing 
above  all :  the  German  shall  be  whole-heartedly  American. 
Every  hour  of  his  day's  work  has  made  good  this  solemn  obli- 
gation :  with  glowing  patriotism  has  he  served  the  land  in 
which  he  was  born,  and  even  in  that  festal  hour  in  which  the 
Germans  welcomed  the  brother  of  the  Kaiser,  a  proud  avowal 
of  loyalty  to  America  was  his  first  word.  And  yet  the  fact 
that  his  parents  belonged  to  the  German  people  was  for  him 
not  at  all  a  mere  sentimental  memory,  but  a  spring  of  joyous 


I-Rl-ni'RlCK     WILLIAM     IIOI.LS  Z7 

tasks,  of  precious  dutit^s.       These  iliities  of  llic  Ciennaii-Ameri- 
cans  —  what  are  they  ? 

It  is  not  a  state  within  a  state  that  the  Germans  have  to 
buiki.  It  the  Germans  sunder  themselves  from  the  rest,  as  he 
often  said,  they  concede  thereby  to  others  the  right  to  form 
separate  jjroups,  and  as  the  Knglish  are  the  more  numerous, 
the  Germans  will  have  to  take  a  secondary  )-dh\  Our  friend 
would  have  it  otherwise.  There  is  but  one  kind  of  American 
national  life.  It  is  I-lnglish  no  more  than  it  is  German  :  it  is  a 
new  creation,  shaped  trom  day  to  day,  set  as  a  single  moral 
task  to  the  descendants  of  all  nations.  Each  nation  shall  give 
her  best  to  bring  this  future  folk  to  self-realization,  but  the 
whole  is  then  a  common  product,  in  which  all  who  were  privi- 
leged to  contribute  to  the  new  culture  of  America  have  equal 
title. 

So  it  was,  that  he  laid,  perhaps,  less  weight  than  others  on 
the  use  of  German  as  a  means  to  intercourse.  He  sincerely 
loved  the  speech  of  his  parents,  he  was  master  of  it,  he  hon- 
ored it  in  keeping  it  pure  and  in  refusing  to  countenance  the 
offensive  mi.xture  of  German  and  Lnglish,  and  he  delivered  in 
German  his  most  important  addresses ;  but  at  heart  he  wished 
the  German  to  be  cherished  here  as  the  tongue  of  German 
poets  and  thinkers,  as  Kiillursprachc,  not  as  the  language  of 
the  people;  inasmuch  as  he  in  fact  admitted  but  a  single  type 
of  American  national  culture,  and  it  was  unquestioned  that 
German  could  not  be  the  speech  of  the  new  American  nation. 
Gifts  greater  than  the  linguistic  form  must  come  from  the  Ger- 
man spirit  to  the  new  civilization  :  German  solidity  and  depth, 
German  conscientiousness  and  spirituality,  German  joyousness 
and  German  gravity. 

To  this  end  he  set  his  best  powers,  and  all  the  influences  of 
his  pious  up-bringing,  all  the  gifts  wherewith  nature  had  en- 
dowed him,  all  the   forces  of  his  character  and   temperament 


J 


8  IN    MEMORIAM 


worked  together  to  shape  him  to  the  ideal  type.  The  privi- 
leged listener,  when  in  his  home  he  touched  the  organ  with  a 
master-hand,  could  not  but  feel  that  all  that  was  profound  and 
serious  in  the  spirit  of  the  German  folk  still  echoed  grandly  in 
his  soul.  He  was  ever  wont  to  steep  himself  in  German 
poetry ;  German  historical  works  were  his  favorite  reading ; 
his  last  composition  was  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  Herman 
Grimm.  And  this  German  idealism,  with  which  he  was  im- 
bued, he  desired  to  see  penetrate  into  all  fields.  What  a 
champion  he  became,  when  there  was  need  to  stand  lor  purit\- 
and  honor  in  political  strife,  when  there  was  need  to  e.xalt  the 
permanent  above  the  profit  of  the  hour  ! 

What  he  was  concerned  with  he  grasped  with  the  German 
scientific  thoroughness;  the  company  of  scholars  was  to  him  a 
necessity  of  life ;  the  scientific  method  he  carried  into  every 
field  that  he  entered.  At  the  time  the  Peace  Congress  at  the 
Hague  began  to  occupy  him,  he  gave  himself  up  to  the  most 
painstaking  researches,  and  soon  wrote  the  most  profound  work 
on  the  whole  movement.  He  often  said  that  America's  worst 
internal  foe  was  superficiality,  and  that  America  must  first  of 
all  learn  what  need  there  is  really  to  master  a  problem  before 
seeking  to  solve  it.  Above  all,  however,  did  he  believe  in  the 
German's  intensive  view  of  live;  he  brino-s  over  the  ocean 
nothing  more  precious.  He  esteemed  the  Anglo-Saxon  vir- 
tues, but  he  realized  that  only  the  German  moral  idealism  can 
preserve  the  American  national  life  "  from  the  quicksand  ot 
opportunism."  It  was  in  words  of  deep  emotion  that  he  ex- 
pressed this  the  last  time  of  our  meeting,  a  few  weeks  before 
his  death.  He  had  come  over  to  take  part  in  the  memorial 
celebration  in  Boston  and  Concord  of  the  centenary  of  Emer- 
son's birth.  With  all  a  youth's  enthusiasm,  he  strode  through 
the  streets  of  Concord,  which  he  likened  to  Weimar,  and 
gave  himself  up  to  the  magic  spell  of  those  hours  in  which 


FREDERICK     WILLIAM     HOLES 


39 


Emerson's  spirit  lived  again.  Again  antl  yet  again,  at  thai 
time,  he  came  back  to  the  thought  that  the  German  idealism, 
the  idealism  o(  I'ichte,  by  which  Emerson  was  inspired,  is  more 
important  for  America  than  any  other  German  inheritance. 

Yet  to  his  Cierman  seriousness  and  gravity  he  joined  as  do 
tew  the  German  joy  of  living.  Ills  pla\  fiil,  often  roguish, 
humor,  his  enjoyment  of  merry  company,  his  happiness  in 
home,  his  delight  in  poetry  and  music,  his  love  of  nature,  his 
pleasure  in  personal  intercourse  with  men  of  historical  impor- 
tance—  all  came  together  to  make  his  life,  rich  in  deeds  as  it  was, 
also  full  of  joy  ;  and  while  his  existence  aimeil  through  his  work 
at  a  future  eftectiveness,  like  the  plea  of  the  attorney,  it  was  at 
once  and  always,  through  his  joy  in  life,  complete  in  itself,  like 
the  poet's  utterance.  And  thus  in  fullest  tide  of  life  he  w'as 
struck  by  sudden,  painle.ss  death. 

But  to  fulfil  the  dutiis  ot  the  Cierman  in  .\merica  meant  to 
him  not  only  to  plant  German  ideals  in  the  soul  of  the  people, 
but  also  to  join  his  fatherland  and  the  land  of  his  fathers  ever 
closer  in  the  bonds  of  friendship.  Herein,  too,  there  is  no 
German  born  under  the  Stars  and  Stripes  who  has  more  deeph' 
conceived  and  more  richly  fulfilled  his  task.  What  he  did  for 
the  friendly  relations  of  the  two  countries,  through  that  which 
he  set  in  action,  and  perhaps  yet  more  through  that  which  he 
prevented,  will  first  come  to  light  when  it  is  no  longer  poli- 
tics, but  history.  It  was  tlue  at  least  to  him  [)ersonally  that  in 
the  decisive  hour  of  the  Hague  Conference  Germany  yielded 
in  her  opposition  to  the  .American  proposals.  And  never  was 
his  political  action  determined  by  petty  special  interests:  his 
far-seeing  eye  gave  back  the  world  in  historical  perspective. 
Because  .America  was  for  him  not  the  chance  product  of  the 
past,  but  the  moral  opportunit\  of  the  future,  the  German- 
American  friendship  was  for  him  not  merely  a  wish  of  retro- 
spective filial  regard,  but  above  all  an  end  and  ainj  for  the  effort 


40  IN     MEMORIAM 

of  culture  of  the  future.  For  this  reason,  too,  he  felt  strongly 
that  the  unwritten  alliance  between  Germany  and  the  New 
World  should  not  militate  against  England  ;  tirelessly  he  sought 
to  mediate  between  the  Teutonic  peoples. 

Perhaps  no  American  of  priv^ate  life  has  come  into  close  per- 
sonal relations  with  so  many  of  the  leading  statesmen  of  Europe  ; 
but  whether  he  dealt  with  kings  and  councilors,  or  chatted  in 
a  modest  friendly  circle,  in  the  tribunal  as  by  the  hearthstone, 
he  was  ever  the  same  idealist,  ever  the  same  enthusiast,  whose 
soul  was  filled  with  the  thought  of  the  honor  of  his  country  and 
the  peace  of  the  world.  This  at  least  he  knew,  that  the  peace 
ol  the  world  is  best  secured  when  the  Germanic  peoples  guard 
it,  and  that  the  honor  of  the  American  nation  will  take  on 
brightest  luster  when  the  true  German  spirit  comes  to  stronger 
influence  in  the  country  ;  for  deep  in  his  heart  glowed  the  belief 
that  the  German  ideals  are  of  all  the  purest.  Let  us  have  a 
care  that  upon  his  sepulchre  the  German  garland  of  oak-leaves 
shall  never  fail. 

In  presenting  the  bust  of  Mr.  Holls  to  the  Faculty  of  Political 
Science,  Dr.  William  C.  Alpers  spoke  as  follows : 

In  the  name  of  the  Memorial  Committee,  in  the  name  also  of 
the  citizens  of  German  birth  of  the  City  of  New  York,  I  deliver 
to  you,  as  the  representative  of  the  Faculty  of  Political  Science 
of  Columbia  Universitv,  this  bust  of  our  late  friend  Frederick 
William  Holls. 

In  doing  so,  we  perform  a  double  duty. 

First,  we  hereby  express  our  appreciation  of  the  great  ser- 
vices that  this  prosperous  Universit)-  has  rendered  and  is  daily 
rendering  to  this  city  and  to  the  whole  countr\  in  its  various 
departments  ;  and  while  the  Germanic  Department,  by  its  thor- 


FRT'DF.RICK     WILLIAM     IIOILS  41 

ouijli  cultivation  of  the  (icrman  laniruatjc  ami  lilcralurr,  is 
naturally  the  most  gratifyinir  one  to  us.  it  is  principally  to  your 
faculty,  the  I'"aculty  of  Political  Science,  that  we  must  turn  at 
the  present  moment.  Through  the  proficiency  and  learning  of 
its  teachers  and  the  api)lication  and  devotion  of  its  students,  this 
faculty  has  attained  tin-  highest  rank  among  other  similar 
schools,  and  the  essays  and  treatises  emanating  from  here  are 
eagerly  sought  and  read  In'  students  of  poHtical  science  all  over 
the  world.  It  was  here  that  l-'rederick  I  lolls  received  his  first 
instruction  in  international  law  ;  it  was  here  that  he  was  imbued 
with  the  ideals  that  he  carried  into  practice  in  his  short  but 
successful  career ;  and  iicrc  therefore,  is  the  proper  place  lor 
his  memorial. 

The  second  dul)  thai  we  perform  by  this  dedication  is  to 
express  our  gratitude  toward  our  tleceased  friend,  who  through 
the  example  of  his  active  life  filled  the  heart  of  every  (ierman- 
born  citizen  with  justified  pride.  In  him  the  best  tjualilies  of 
German  character  were  evinced,  blended  in  beautiful  harmony 
with  true  glowing  Americanism.  So  may  this  bust  perpetuate 
his  memor\  in  the  halls  of  your  faculty  ;  may  the  young  stu- 
dent in  future  years  look  up  to  these  features  in  admiration, 
learn  from  them  the  high  aims  and  ideals  of  his  profession,  and 
emulate  the  shining  example  of  one  of  the  first  and  ablest 
alumni  of  this  school;  and  may  we  others,  and  all  citizens  of 
this  land,  whenever  we  look  upon  this  face  remember  that  the 
greatest  eulogy  of  a  republican  —  a  eulogy  within  the  grasp  of 
all,  and  yet  attained  only  by  a  few  —  is  not  that  he  accumu- 
lated wealth,  not  that  he  was  an  accomplished  society  man,  not 
that  he  distiniruished  himself  on  the  rostrum,  not  even  that  he 
was  great  in  learning  or  a  patron  of  science  and  art,  but  that 
he  was,  as  our  friend  Frederick  William  I  lolls  was,  a  good  and 
loyal  citizen  of  his  country. 


42  IN     MEMORIAM 

Professor   |ohn   Bassett   Moore  responded  on  behalf  of  the 
Faculty  of  Political  Science  in  the  following  words: 

The  glory  of  the  University  is  in  the  lives  and  achievements 
of  her  sons.  Of  this  fact  we  have  today  been  strongly 
reminded,  as  we  have  listened  to  the  sober  but  eloquent  narra- 
tion of  the  career  of  a  distinoruished  alumnus  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity,  who  by  his  well-directed  activities  rose  to  eminence 
among  his  fellow-men.  His  high  abilities  were  exerted  with 
conspicuous  success  in  various  fields  of  effort,  but  it  was  in 
connection  with  international  affairs,  and  especially  with  the 
cause  of  the  peaceful  adjustment  of  international  disputes,  that 
he  won  his  most  lasting  fame.  I  have  therefore  had  the  honor 
to  be  deputed,  as  incumbent  of  the  chair  of  international  law 
and  diplomacy  in  Columbia  University,  to  receive  at  the  hands 
of  his  loyal  friends,  as  I  now  do,  in  behalf  of  the  P'aculty  of 
Political  Science,  this  artistic  memorial,  in  which  his  features 
are  so  well  delineated.  We  accept  it  with  grateful  appre- 
ciation. 

A   selection    by   the    string  quartet,    Schumann's    "  Evening 
Song,"  brought  the  exercises  to  a  fitting  close. 

Rudolf  ToMBu,  Jr. 


RESOLITIONS    OU 
SOCIETIES 


Many  of  the  various  organizations  with  which  Mr. 
HoUs  was  connected  held  special  meetings  on  the 
occasion  of  his  death.  We  print  the  proceedings 
of  such  meetings  in  the  order  of  their  occurrence 


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FREDERICK     Wll.lJAM     llol.l.S  55 


The  following  resolution  was  moved  hy  General  Trcmain  at  a 
meeting;  of  the  Republican  Club  of  the  Cit\  of  Xew  N'ork,  helil 
on  the  1  7tli  clay  of  August,  IQ03,  anct  was  unaniinousl\  carried  : 

Tiu-   members  of    The   Republican    Club   of   the   City   of    Xew 
\'ork  learn  with  sorrow  of  the  death  of  our  fellow-member 

FRI'Db.klCK    WIM.IWI     llol.l.S 

and  we  lament  our  loss.  I  Ir  was  a  [nire-minded  and  patriotic 
ijentleman,  rejoiciny  in  his  benevolent  disjjosition  and  broad 
public  spirit;  of  scholarly  attainments  ;  skilled  in  jurisprudence; 
wise  in  counsel  ;  useful  in  the  service  of  the  state  and  nation  ; 
and  esteemed  abroad  as  well  as  at  home  for  his  talents  and 
international  e.xperience.  In  the  midst  of  a  life  of  activities 
and  public  and  private  usefulness  a  brilliant  career  was  sud- 
denly extinguished.  He  was  a  steadfast  friend,  a  congenial 
companion,  a  devoted  husband,  a  sturdy  republican,  an  honored 
and  trusted  citizen,  and  a  man  beloved  for  his  own  sake  by  all 
who  knew  him. 

We  respectful!)-  tender  our  sympath)   to  his  widow. 

John   H i-: n k \    11  .\ .m .m ( ) no, 

Record i /I Q  Sccn/arv 


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GENERAl.     SEtl^EJAI^ 


FREDERICK    WILLIAM    HOLLS  65 


Deutscher  Verein 

DER 

Columbia  Universitat 


Besc/iltiss  angenoinmcn  in  ciner  am  12.  Oktober  1903 

Versammlung  des  Deutscl 

tier  Columbia  Universitat 


gehaltenen  Versammlung  des  Deutschen  Vereins 


Ua  Gott  der  Merr  unsern  lichen  Freund  I'ricdrich  Wilhclm 
Molls,  ein  hochst  angesehenes  Ehrenmitglied  des  Deutschen 
Vereins  der  Columbia  Universitat,  in  seinen  liebevollen  Schutz 
genommen, — ferner,  da  Herr  Holls  als  Staatsmann  und  Diplo- 
mat stets  als  Vertreter  jener  Ideale  gait,  deren  Verwirklichung 
dem  Amerikanischen  Volke  als  hehrste  Pflicht  und  schonstes 
Verdienst  angerechnet  wird, — und  da  wir  denselben  Idcalcn 
huldigen,  weil  durch  sie  des  Lebens  Bahn  bereichert  und 
geadelt  wird,  sowol  fiir  den  Burger  im  Privatleben  als  fiir  den 
der  die  taten-  und  ruhmvolle  Laufbahn  cines  offcntlichcn 
Beamtcn  erwahlt, — 

Sei  es  beschlossen,  dass  wir,  die  Mitglieder  des  Deutschen 
Vereins  der  Columbia  Universitat,  der  Familie  des  verehrten 
Verstorbcnen  unser  tiefstes  Beileid  und  unsere  warm  empfun- 
dene  Teilnahme  an  dem  Vcrlust,  der  sie  sowie  audi  uns  getroffen 
hat,  ausdriicken. 

Und  ferner  sei  es  beschlossen,  dass  eine  Abschrift  dieses 
Beschlusses  in  das  Vereinsbuch  eingfetraofen  und  eine  zweite 
an  die  Familie  des  Herrn  Holls  gesandt  werde. 

Wm.  H.  Carpenter, 

Prdsident 
G.  A.  Younger, 

Sekrctdr 

[Translation  on  follnving pagt\ 


66  IN    MEMORIAM 

Resolutions  adopted  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Deutscher 
Verein  of  Columbia  University,  held  on  October  12,  1903 

Inasmuch  as  it  hath  pleased  the  Almighty  God  in  His  infinite 
wisdom  to  call  to  Himself  our  beloved  friend  Frederick  William 
Holls,  a  highly  respected  honorary  member  of  the  Deutscher 
Verein  of  Columbia  University  ;    and 

Whereas,  In  the  exercise  of  his  talents  as  a  statesman  and 
a  diplomat,  Mr.  Holls  continually  appeared  as  the  champion  of 
those  ideals,  the  striving  toward  which  must  ever  be  regarded 
by  the  American  people  as  a  bounden  duty,  and  the  ultimate 
realization  of  which  will  reflect  the  greatest  honor  upon  our 
country ;    and 

Whereas,  We  too  have  faith  in  these  ideals  which  enrich  and 
ennoble  human  life  for  the  private  citizen  as  well  as  for  one 
who  is  actively  engaged  in  the  service  of  his  country  and  his 
people  ;   therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  we,  the  members  of  the  Deutscher  Verein  of 
Columbia  University,  express  our  deep  and  heartfelt  sympathy 
with  the  bereaved  relatives  in  the  great  loss  which  they  and 
we  have  sustained  ;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  these  resolutions  be  spread  upon  the  minutes 
of  the  society,  and  that  a  copy  be  sent  to  the  relatives  of  our 
deceased  member. 

W>r.  H.  Carpenter, 

President 
G.  A.  Younger, 

Secretary 


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FREDERICK     WILLIAM     HOLES  71 

At  the  organization  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Music  Hall  Company  of  Xew  York,  Limited,  held  December  3, 
1903,  being  the  opening  meeting  for  the  season  of  1903-4, 
the  following  minute  was  unanimously  adopted  by  a  rising 
vote,  as  the  first  official  act  of  the  board. 

Resolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Frederick  William  Holls,  which 
occurred  at  Yonkers  on  July  23,  1903,  this  board  has  lost 
an  able  member  and  the  Music  Hall  Company  a  firm  friend. 
Mr.  Holls  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Music  Hall 
Company,  one  of  the  original  members  of  this  board;  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  company  at  its  first  meeting  in  May, 
1S89,  and  retained  that  office  until  the  date  of  his  death. 

He  manifested  a  deep  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  com- 
pany, the  objects  of  which  he  promoted  by  wise  counsel  and 
energetic  efifort.  His  efficient  services,  voluntarily  given, 
found  a  deep  basis  in  a  keen  delight  in  music  and  a  desire  for 
the  encouragement  of  that  art  in  this  community. 

This  board  recognized  in  Mr.  Holls  a  man  of  lofty  ideals, 
with  great  tenacity  of  purpose  and  courage  of  conviction.  He 
discharged  with  marked  ability  the  duties  of  a  public-spirited 
citizen,  and  his  ever-widening  sphere  of  action  made  him  useful 
alike  to  city,  country,  and  humanity. 

As  a  memorial  to  its  esteemed  associate  this  board  directs 
that  this  minute  be  entered  upon  its  records,  and  a  copy  be  sent 
to  his  widow,  to  whom  the  members  of  this  board  tender  their 
sincerest  sympathy. 

Xew  York,  December  7,  1903 

Attest:  Wm.   B.  Tuthii.i,, 

Secretary  pro  tern. 


72  IN     MEMORIAM 


[From  the  London  Times] 

Our  Paris  correspondent  writes:  —  The  death  of  the  Ameri- 
can jurisconsult  Mr.  Frederick  Holls,  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
delegates  at  The  Hague  Conference  and  one  of  the  chief 
founders  of  the  International  Court,  at  the  very  moment 
when  arbitration  is  receiving  the  final  sanction  of  English, 
French,  and  American  statesmen,  is,  indeed,  a  melancholy 
coincidence.  I  made  Mr.  Holls's  acquaintance  at  The  Hague, 
and  since  then  a  warm  friendship  had  existed  between  us.  I 
frequently  had  opportunities  not  only  of  hearing  his  views  on 
the  future  of  arbitration,  in  which  he  had  robust  faith,  but  also 
of  observing  his  almost  fanatic  devotion  to  the  idea  of  an  alii- 
ance  between  the  two  great  Anglo-Saxon  races. 

Mr.  Holls's  book  on  the  Peace  Conference,  published  some 
three  years  ago,  is  the  most  complete  work  of  the  kind  that 
has  appeared.  Speaking  of  the  International  Court,  he  avowed 
his  conviction  that  the  "  Peace  Conference  accomplished  a 
great  and  glorious  result,  not  only  in  the  humanizing  of  warfare 
and  the  codification  of  the  laws  of  war,  but,  above  all,  in  the 
promulgation  of  the  Magna  CJtarta  of  international  law,  the 
binding  together  of  the  civilized  powers  in  a  federation  for 
justice,  and  the  establishment  of  a  permanent  international  tri- 
bunal of  arbitration."  Mr.  Holls  contributed  so  largely  and 
with  such  fervent  zeal  to  the  creation  of  the  International 
Court  that  it  may  fairly  be  said  that  in  no  small  measure  it 
owed  its  existence  to  him.  An  incident  occurred  during  the 
conference  when  the  energetic  intervention  of  Mr.  Holls  may 
be  considered  to  have  saved  The  Hague  meeting  from  ship- 


FRi:  ni'RICK     WII.l.lAM     IIOI.LS  -ji 

wreck.  Germain  IkuI  iicvi-r  lookeil  witli  tavor  on  tin-  I'eace 
Conference.  Nobody  present  at  1  he  Hague  can  have  forj^ot- 
ten  the  attitude  which  the  chief  German  delegate,  IVince  (then 
Count)  Minister  took  up  at  an  early  stage  of  the  proceedings, 
and  maintained  till  the  <  lul.  It  was  one  of  haughty  contempt 
tor  what  was  being  done,  and  presumably  reflectetl  the  views 
of  his  sovereign,  (jermany  raised  objections  to  the  proposed 
permanent  Court  of  Arbitration,  affecting  to  regard  it  as  an 
innovation  of  a  most  radical  character  which  could  not  be  intro- 
ducetl  \\  ithout  vfreat  risks  and  vwn  ijrcat  dansjers.  It  was,  I 
believe,  on  this  occasion  that  Mr.  Holls  went  secretly  to  Ger- 
many, saw  Prince  Hohenlohe,  and  said  to  him  :  —  "The  special 
train  is  ready.  All  the  powers  have  taken  their  seats.  If 
Germany  refuses  to  accompanj-  them  they  will  go  without  her." 
Prince  Hohenlohe  made  pressing  representations  to  the  Em- 
peror, with  the  result  that  Germany  waived  the  difficulties  she 
had  raised  and  the  conference  continued.  Plain  speaking, 
such  as  that  employed  by  Mr.  Holls  on  this  occasion,  goes 
further  even  with  (iermany  than  some  distinguished  English 
statesmen  seem  to  be  aware  of. 

Mr.  Holls  was  the  author  of  that  paragraph  on  special 
mediation  which  forms  part  of  The  Hague  Convention.  Only 
last  month  I  had  a  fresh  proof  of  Mr.  Holls's  good  feeling 
towards  England.  He  wrote  to  me  that  relations  between 
England  and  .America  continued  to  be  of  the  very  best,  not- 
withstanding the  cloud  on  the  horizon  in  the  far  northwest  of 
Canada. 

He  added:  —  "More  than  200,000  .Anicriians  have  gone 
there  to  take  up  the  new  wheat  lands,  selling  their  own  farms 
in  the  United  States,  and  buying  the  new  lands  in  Saskat- 
chewan. Alberta,  and  Assiniboia  at  nominal  prices,  so  that  they 
start  with  a  surplus  and  a  good  opportunity.  But  they  are  all 
attached  to  the  United  .States:  and,  while  they  become  Cana- 


74  IN     MEMORIAM 

dian  citizens  in  order  to  have  a  vote,  those  who  are  best  quaH- 
fied  to  judge  and  who  have  been  up  there  among  them  assure 
me   that,  sooner  or  later,  there   is  Hkely  to  be  a  movement  for 

secession. The  dispute  about  the  Alaska  boundary  bids  fair 

to  take  a  secondary  place  in  the  discussion  of  the  greater  prob- 
lem. It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  all  the  more  incumbent  upon 
reasonable  men  in  both  countries  to  keep  their  heads  clear,  and 
especially  to  prevent  any  European  powers  from  meddling  or 
raising  greater  troubles  than  may  arise  in  the  natural  course  of 
events.  A  fundamental  fact  is  that  no  one  in  the  United 
States  covets  one  square  inch  of  Canadian  territory  against 
the  wishes  of  the  inhabitants,  and  no  one  here  would  consider 
a  quarrel  with  Great  Britain  as  anything  less  than  the  great- 
est calamity.  My  own  feeling  is  that  if  at  any  time  portions 
of  Canada  might  wish  to  unite  with  this  country,  that  verj-  fact 
might  easily  be  utilized  as  a  basis  for  the  formation  of  an 
Anglo-Saxon  alliance  which  would  dominate  the  policy  of  the 
world  for  peace  and  would  forever  avert  all  danger  that  might 
threaten  either  country  from  its  invidious  enemies." 

I  would  only  add  one  word  to  the  above  evidence  of  Mr. 
Holls's  devotion  and  signal  service  to  the  cause  of  arbitration, 
as  well  as  of  his  friendship  for  England.  It  is  that  both  sprang 
from  a  wider  knowledge  of  European  affairs  than  is  possessed 
by  most  Americans,  and  from  a  great-heartedness  that  cannot 
fail  to  be  recognized  by  all  those  who  had  the  privilege  of 
knowing  him  as  intimately  as  I  did.  During  one  of  his  last 
European  tours  Mr.  Holls  was  received  in  private  audience  by 
the  Emperor  bVancis  Joseph  and  the  German  Emperor,  and 
on  a  previous  occasion  he  had  been  received  by  the  Tsar. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FRO^ 


ORROWED 


IN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  B( 

LOAN  bW, 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


^SBP'STflJ 

IN  STACKS 

AUG  241957 

RGC'D  LD 

iUJG  2  1  19B1 

RECEIVED 

MAR  7  1  1996 

:- 

CIRCULATION  DEPT. 

■ 

'(EAltr^'^ie''                                 Uni^^ig^rnU 

CD5bD7t.b37 


ivir^88J^3 


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